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Objective: To determine the frequency of fragmented QRS complex in patients with acute non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Study Design: Cross-Sectional Study. Setting: Department of Cardiology, Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faisalabad. Period: July 15, 2019 to January 15, 2020. Material & Methods: One hundred and forty five diagnosed patients of NSTEMI on the basis of chest pain and positive troponin-I were included in this study. The electrocardiography (ECG) was performed to document the presence or absence of f QRS complex in these patients. A 12-lead ECG with paper speed of 25 or 50 mm per second and a voltage of 10 mm/mv was used. FQRS was labeled (as per operational definition). The collected data were entered and analyzed statistically by using SPSS v25.0. Data were stratified for age, gender, diabetes, smoking and hypertension. Post-stratification, f QRS complex was compared by Chi-Square test in stratified groups. A p-value ≤0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Total 145 patients presenting with NSTEMI were selected for this study. Mean age of the patients was 48.2±12.3 year. Among these patients, 90(62.1%) were males, while 55(37.9%) were females. Overall frequency of fQRS complex in patients with NSTEMI was 64(44.1%). Conclusion: There is an association of fQRS among patients with acute non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Further prospective studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of fQRS complex and identify its correlation with the incidence of possible complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to study the semen parameters and its relation to hormonal status in infertile men. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Period: March 2015 to April 2017. Setting: Jinnah Hospital Fertility Centre; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lahore. Method: A total of 70 infertile men were included in this study. Semen samples for semen analysis and serum for hormonal analysis were obtained and further tests were performed. Results: The results of our study show that 28.57% were Normospermic, 18.56% were azoospermic and 52.85% were Oligospermic. In Oligospermic and azoospermic patients significant low levels of testosterone and prolactin were noticed. The results indicate that along with semen parameters hormonal levels should also be assessed to diagnose the underlying cause of infertility. Conclusion: It is concluded from our study that both quality of semen and hormonal levels cause infertility in men. Therefore the patients should be properly investigated and should be treated accordingly to the underlying abnormality. This is a regional study and further studies should be conducted to have a conclusive evidence at national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was done to find HbA1c levels in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients presenting at Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta and observe the effects of antihyperglycemic treatment and physical exercise on HbA1c level. Study design: A cross sectional comparative study. Patients and methods: One hundred (100) patients were selected from Bolan Medical complex Hospital Quetta. Patients were divided in three groups. Group A included the patients who were on antihyperglycemic drugs, following dietary restrictions and doing physical exercises. Group B included patients who were on antihyperglycemic drugs following dietary restrictions but not doing physical exercises. Group C included the patients who were not using any antihyperglycemic drug, not following dietary restriction and not doing any physical exercise. HbA1c of all patients was determined, data was analyzed using SPSS. Anova was applied. Results: HbA1c of group A was higher than group B and group C. HbA1c of group B was higher than group C. Conclusions: HbA1c is a valuable test for monitoring glucose control over extended period of time and plays role in taking measures to avoid diabetes mellitus complications, therefore it should be tested regularly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine serum lipid profile in children of premature coronary heart disease patients and compare results between children having parents with one, two or three risk factors. Study Design: A cross sectional comparative study. Patients and Methods: Ninety seven (97) subjects having parents with one risk factor, sixty three (63) subjects having parents with two risk factors and sixty five (65) subjects having parents with three risk factors were selected from Punjab Institute of Cardiology Lahore. Fifty (50) age and sex matched subjects of parents without a history of coronary heart disease were also selected. The serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol and serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol was performed and results were compared. Results: Offsprings of parents having more number of risk factors had statistically significantly high total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol as compared with offsprings of parents having one risk factor. Triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol of offsprings of parents having one, two, three or more than three risk factors were comparable. Offsprings of parents having premature coronary heart disease (CHD) had abnormal lipid levels as compared with control group. Conclusions: Coronary heart disease risk factors are significant regarding abnormal lipid levels. Offsprings of premature CHD patients are prone to develop CHD as compared to normal control group. Genetic predisposition seems to be important in development of CHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]