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Objective: To determine the usefulness and safety of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) imaging for real time guidance in transcatheter device closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) secundum. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Paediatric Cardiology, CPEIC, Multan, Pakistan. Period: January 2022 to December 2023. Material & Methods: Patients of both genders aged above 3 years with clinical and echocardiographic evidence of ASD secundum with significant left to right shunt were analysed. All cases had morphologically suitable margins of defect confirmed on TTE. Usefulness and safety of intra-procedure and immediate post-procedure transcatheter device closure of secundum ASD were noted. Results: In a total of 34 patients, 20 (58.8%) were female and 14 (41.2%) male. The mean age was 21.32±17.21 years. The TTE findings revealed that the mean ASD side was 17.47±4.32 mm. Aortic margins were deficient among 28 (82.4%) cases. The mean fluoroscopy and procedure time were 9.29±6.98 minutes and 49.91±39.76. Residual leak was noted in one (2.9%) cases while none of the cases were observed to have superior vena cava, inferior vena cava or pulmonary vein obstructions. Post-procedure, transient supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) arrhythmia was the most common type of complication reported among 2 (5.9%) cases. None of the cases needed any kind of emergency surgical exploration. No cases of pericardial effusion were found. No mortality was reported. Conclusion: Transcatheter device closure of secundum atrial septal defect was found to be effective and safe using TTE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronary artery anomalies are abnormalities in coronary arteries by birth (congenital) and involve their anatomy, course and function. They usually occur in association with other congenital cardiac defects. Coronary artery anomalies are usually clinically silent as they do not cause symptoms and are found incidentally but relatively few become evident by causing symptoms. Objectives: Determine the frequency of coronary artery anomalies in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faisalabad. Period: July to December 2017. Material & Methods: Demographic information from all the patients was recorded and all of these individuals were undergone coronary angiography. All the collected data was analyzed by SPSS. Results: The mean age of the patients was 43.74 ± 15.35 years, male and female patients were equal in number. In this study coronary anomalies were present in 28(4.06%) patients. Conclusion: Coronary artery anomalies are found quite frequently but usually are incidental finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In recent years the trans-radial approach has been increasingly employed as an alternative approach to percutaneous coronary intervention. Loss of radial pulse may lead to ischemic symptoms like pain in hand, claudication etc. There is a lack of local data regarding complication associated with trans-radial coronary catheterization. Therefore, there is need for local study to find out the frequency of complications associated with trans-radial approach. Objectives: To determine the frequency of loss of radial pulse in patients undergoing trans-radial coronary catheterization. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Cardiology, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Period: From 3rd June 2014 to 2nd December 2014. Methodology: All 325 cases fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria undergoing coronary catheterization were included in the study. Results: A total of 325 patients, both male and female with positive Allens test, undergoing Trans-radial angiography for intervention were included. Loss of radial pulse was evaluated clinically at four weeks follow up. In our sampled population, mean age was 57.01 ± 6.8 years and 240 patients (73.8%) were male while 85 patients (26.2%) were female. Only 14 patients (4.3%) out of 325 had loss of radial artery pulse while remaining 311 patients (95.7%) didn't have loss of radial artery pulse. There was found no effect of gender on outcome i.e. loss of radial pulse but older age made a person prone to loss of radial pulse. Conclusion: It is concluded that the frequency (percentage) of loss of radial pulse is quite low (4.3%) in our patients undergoing trans-radial coronary catheterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the frequency of multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients suffering from inferior wall acute myocardial infarction (AMI) having ST segment depression in anterior chest leads. Study Design: Cross Sectional Survey. Setting: Department of Cardiology, Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faisalabad. Period: December 2013 to June 2014. Materials and Methods: After fulfilling the inclusion criteria, 120 patients with acute inferior wall MI were studied. Patients were divided in two groups. Group I included patients with ST segments depression in leads V1-V3 and Group II with ST segment depression in leads V4-V6. Age of patients ranged from 25 to 70 years. Results: The mean age was 52.5±10.5 years. As regards sex distribution, 100 patients were male, 54 in Group I and 46 in Group II. There were 20 female patients, 11 in Group I and 9 in Group II. Thirty six (30%) patients were diabetic, 22(33.8%) in Group I and 14(25.5%) in Group II. Forty five (37.5%) patients were hypertensive. Fifty two (43.3%) patients were smokers. Forty three (35.8%) patients had family history of ischemic heart disease, 25(38.5%) in Group I and 18(32.7%) in Group II. Thirty five (29.2%) had hyperlipidemia, 20 (30.8%) in Group I and 15(29.2%) in Group II. All patients underwent coronary angiogram. Thirty eight (31.7%) patients had single vessel disease, 29(44.6%) patients in Group I and 9(16.4%) in Group II. Forty three (35.8%) patients had double vessel coronary artery disease, 23 patients (35.4%) in Group I and 20(36.4%) in Group II. Thirty nine (32.5%) had three vessel coronary artery disease, 13 (20%) in Group I and 26 (47.3%) in Group II. Eighty three (69.2%) patients had multivessel coronary artery disease 37(56.8%) in Group I and 46 (83.6%) in Group II (p value <0.002). Conclusion: The presence of precordial ST depression during acute inferior wall myocardial correlates well with multivessel CAD. Precordial ST-segment depression in acute inferior wall MI is related to anterior injury due to LAD stenosis and these patients tend to have more severe CAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]