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AbstractThis study investigated what predicts the occurrence of hot flushes (HF) and night sweats (NS). A community sample of 992 women (42-60 years) answered a questionnaire to collect socio-demographic, health and menopause-related, as well as lifestyle information. Depressive mood and stress, as well as HF and NS (in terms of presence, frequency and intensity), were also assessed. Structural equation modelling was used to build a structural model to predict the occurrence of both vasomotor symptoms. Results: Stress predicted NS (β =.154; p=.006), whereas depressive mood was linked to the occurrence of HF's (β =.149; p=.006). Being peri-menopausal and post-menopausal, among several other characteristics, were also significant predictors of the occurrence of both HF and NS. This study supports a distinguished influence of stress and depressive mood in NS and HF respectively, probably due to the nature of psychological symptoms. Moreover, significant associations between vasomotor symptoms and socio-demographic, health and menopause-related characteristics, and alcohol were confirmed.

Este estudo teve como objetivos realizar a análise fatorial confirmatória da Escala de Estresse Percebido (Perceived Stress Scale- PSS), nas versões traduzidas de 14, 10 e 4 itens; analisar sua validade concorrente com o Questionário de Saúde Geral (QSG-12); mapear o perfil do estresse em uma amostra representativa da população; e estabelecer parâmetros de avaliação do estresse por meio da normatização dos escores da população total. A amostragem foi de base populacional, em formato de conglomerado por setores censitários. Participaram 1.154 habitantes de uma capital do Nordeste brasileiro, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (55,6%), com nível de escolaridade em ensino médio (51,7%), empregados (72,7%) e não tabagistas (90,6%). As medianas de renda e idade ficaram em R$ 1.200,00 e 29 anos. Ao final, constatou-se que houve ajustes satisfatórios para as três versões da PSS apenas em seu modelo bifatorial e a escala com 10 itens se mostrou uma solução harmônica entre as versões completa e mais reduzida, considerando-se a relação entre a parcimônia na quantidade de itens e a robustez estatística deste instrumento. Ademais, a PSS ratificou sua validade concorrente com o QSG-12 e foi feita a normatização dos escores da PSS, estabelecendo-se parâmetros para comparação em futuros estudos.

O presente estudo teve como principal intuito mapear as relações entre estressores, estresse, enfrentamento e bem-estar subjetivo em mestrandos e doutorandos no Brasil, tendo sido elaborado um modelo explicativo da determinação do bem-estar subjetivo nessa população. Para tanto, participaram 2150 pós-graduandos no Brasil, entre mestrandos e doutorandos, oriundos das cinco regiões do país e de todas as grandes áreas do conhecimento da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Os instrumentos utilizados foram um questionário sobre estressores na pós-graduação, a Escala de Estresse Percebido, a Escala de Modos de Enfrentamento de Problemas e a Escala de Bem-Estar Subjetivo. Ao final, constatou-se que o modelo do bem-estar subjetivo, testado através de path analysis, denotou satisfatório ajuste e corroborou o pressuposto teórico.

A stressful or traumatic event may become a central reference point in the organization of long-term memory, influencing the meaning of other experiences. The Centrality of Event Scale (CES) is an instrument in which participants recall the most traumatic event of their life and endorse 20 items. The CES was translated, adapted and validated for the Brazilian context in a sample of 195 undergraduates (75.8% women). The version obtained good internal consistency and significant correlation with a screening measure of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms. New hypotheses on the cognitive processing of traumatic events are explored in the light of a factor analysis of the CES. Opportunities for CES use include monitoring cognitive patterns and therapeutic effectiveness in situations related to trauma.Um evento estressor ou traumático pode tornar-se um ponto de referência central na organização da memória de longo prazo, influenciando a significação das demais experiências. A Escala de Centralidade de Evento (ECE) é um instrumento em que o sujeito recorda o evento mais traumático de sua vida e endossa 20 itens respectivos. A ECE foi traduzida, adaptada e validada mediante aplicação em 195 estudantes universitários (75,8% mulheres). Os resultados indicaram boa consistência interna e correlação significativa com rastreio de sintomas de estresse pós-traumático. Novas hipóteses explicativas do processamento cognitivo de eventos traumáticos são exploradas em resultados de uma análise fatorial exploratória. Oportunidades de aplicação da ECE incluem monitoramento de padrões cognitivos e efetividade terapêutica em situações relacionadas a trauma.

O objetivo principal deste estudo foi conhecer se o sentido de vida pode moderar a relação entre o estresse e a qualidade de vida em idosos. Participaram 210 pessoas com idade média de 74 anos, a maioria do sexo feminino (68,58%). Estas responderam aos seguintes instrumentos: Mini-Exame do Estado Mental, Inventário de Eventos de Vida Estressantes para Idosos, Questionário de Qualidade de Vida para Idosos, Teste de Propósito de Vida e perguntas demográficas. Foram realizadas análises de componentes principais, correlações de Pearson e regressões lineares. Os resultados indicaram que a influência do estresse na qualidade de vida era significativa para o grupo com baixo sentido de vida, porém não ocorreu o mesmo para o grupo com alto sentido de vida. Assim, o sentido de vida parece ter operado como um recurso protetor da qualidade de vida frente ao estresse, indicando seu papel moderador.

O transtorno afetivo bipolar causa incapacitação e isolamento social, podendo levar ao suicídio. Tratou-se de estudo clínico de casos múltipos com uso de: Inventário de Depressão (BDI) e Suicídio (BSI) de Beck, Escala de Depressão de Hamilton (HAM-D) e Rorschach, Sistema Compreensivo. O objetivo foi analisar os aspectos afetivos, cognitivos e interpessoais das pacientes. Quatro pacientes foram estudadas. Foram atendidas em ambulatório público e préviamente diagnosticadas com depressão bipolar, segundo Entrevista Psiquiátrica (SCID-I/CV-DSM-IV). Resultados indicaram sentimentos depreciativos na autoimagem, conteúdos eufóricos e falta de insight sobre a auto-tolerância ao estresse. Aspectos emocionais e cognitivos influenciaram no contexto interpessoal, acentuando o sofrimento. Outros dados qualitativos clínicos foram observados e comentados.The bipolar affective disorder induces incapacitation and social isolation, and might lead to suicide. It was a clinical study of multiple cases using the following instruments: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Suicide Inventory (BSI), Hamilton Scale of Depression (HAM-D) and the Rorschach, by Exner's Comprehensive System (CS). The objective was to analyze the affective, cognitive and interpersonal aspects of the patients. Four female out-patients who were previously diagnosed as bipolar depressive, by the Psychiatry Interview according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (SCIDI/CV-DSM-IV) criteria were studied. Results had indicated undervalued feelings about themselves, euphoric contents and lack of insight about the self-tolerance related to stress controls. Emotional and cognitive aspects have influenced the interpersonal context leading to increased suffering. Other qualitative and clinic data have been observed and commented.

O presente estudo investigou o estresse parental em mães de crianças com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH) (n=30), de crianças com TDAH e comorbidade com o Transtorno Opositor Desafiador (TOD) (n=30), e com desenvolvimento típico (n=30). Além disso, foram investigadas possíveis correlações do estresse parental, com as estratégias de coping, apoio social e severidade do TDAH. As mães foram avaliadas a partir dos seguintes instrumentos: Questionário de Suporte Social (SSQ); Inventário de Coping Parental - Área da Saúde - CHIP; Questionário de Estresse Parental para Pais de Criança com Transtorno de Desenvolvimento; MTA SNAP-IV Escala de pontuação para pais e professores. Dentre outros fatores, os resultados indicaram que as mães das crianças com TDAH combinado e TDAH + TOD apresentaram mais estresse parental do que mães de crianças com desenvolvimento típico e que o apoio social, o coping auto-estima e médico atuaram como moderadores do estresse parental.The present study has investigated the parental stress in mothers of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (n=30), in mothers of children with co-morbidity with the Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) (n=30), and in mothers of children with typical development (n=30). In addition, possible correlations of parental stress with coping strategies, social support and ADHD severity have been investigated. The mothers have been evaluated using the following instruments: (a) Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ); (b) Parental Coping Inventory - Health Area - CHIP; (c) Questionnaire of Parental Stress for Parents of Children with Development Disorder; (d) MTA SNAP-IV Teachers and Parents Rating Scale. The results indicated that mothers of children with ADHD and ADHD + ODD presented more parental stress than mothers of children with typical development. In addition, social support, self-esteem coping and medical coping moderated the parental stress effect.

A pesquisa comparou os índices de estresse em 60 pacientes internados para a realização da cirurgia de colecistectomia, sendo 30 do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e 30 de convênios. Utilizou-se o Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp e dois questionários: um sociodemográfico e outro sobre variáveis clínicas relativas à cirurgia. Os resultados mostraram que mais pacientes do grupo SUS tiveram estresse (93,3%) em relação ao grupo dos conveniados (33,3%; pThis research compared the rates of stress in 60 patients interned for undergoing cholecystectomy surgery. 30 were treated by the National Health System (BR) and 30 by private health care plans. The instruments used for the research were the Lipp's Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults and two questionnaires: a social-demographic questionnaire and one on clinical variables related to the surgery. The results showed that more patients from the National Health System (BR) group were under stress (93.3%) in comparison to those from private health care plans (33.3%) (p

A pesquisa objetivou conhecer a ocorrência de estresse em 27 mestrandos em ciências da saúde da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, sendo 16 mulheres e 11 homens. Buscou-se também delinear as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas para lidar com o estresse e os estressores percebidos na pós-graduação. Utilizou-se o Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp, a Escala de Modos de Enfrentamento de Problemas e um questionário sobre possíveis estressores. Os resultados mostraram que 40,7% dos sujeitos apresentaram estresse e houve associação entre estresse e sexo (pThis research had the objective to examine the occurrence of stress among 27 master students of health sciences of the Universidade Federal de Sergipe [Federal University of Sergipe], of which 16 were women and 11 were men. And, it also sought to delineate the coping strategies used to deal with the stress and the stressors perceived by the graduate students. Lipp's Stress Symptoms for Adults Inventory, the Ways to Confront Problems Scale and a questionary about possible stressors were used. The results indicated that 40,7% of subjects had stress and that there was an association between stress and sex (p

Considerando o envelhecimento como período ligado às influências sócio-históricas e experiências ocorridas durante o desenvolvimento, torna-se importante investigar variáveis de outros períodos do curso da vida que possam estar implicadas na saúde dos idosos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre características do suporte social e estresse na infância/adolescência com sintomas depressivos na velhice. Utilizou-se a escala CES-D (Radloff, 1977) e a escala de suporte social e estresse na infância/adolescência do Davis Longitudinal Study on Aging (Aldwin, Sutton, Chiara, & Spiro, III, 1996). A amostra consistiu de 956 idosos com idade entre 60 e 103 anos (M= 72,4; DP= 8,2). Foram encontradas relações significativas entre estressores e disciplina recompensatória com sintomas depressivos, o que se atribui a características não-normativas destas variáveis para esta coorte.Considering the process of aging as a period connected to social and historical influences, and life experiences that occur during development, it's significant to investigate the variables of other periods from the course of life, which could be implicated in the health of elders. The purpose of this study, however, was to assess the relation amongst social support characteristics and stress during the childhood/adolescence period, and depression symptoms of the elderly. The CES-D scale (Radloff, 1977) and the social support and stress in childhood/adolescence scale from Davis Longitudinal Study on Aging (Aldwin, Sutton, Chiara, & Spiro, III, 1996) were used. The sample consisted of 956 elderly between 60 and 103 years old (M= 72,4; SD= 8,2). Significant connections had been found between stressors and compensatory discipline with depression symptoms, which has been attributed to non-normative characteristics of such variables for the present cohort.

Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar sistematicamente a produção bibliográfica constituída por relatos de pesquisa indexados nas bases de dados MedLine, PsycInfo e LILACS, produzida de 1991 a 2001, sobre o tema do impacto psicossocial em famílias de crianças portadoras do transtorno autista. Essa revisão propõe-se a verificar a influência deste impacto, na forma de estresse parental, como fator que afeta os cuidadores diretos e contribui para a ocorrência de alterações na dinâmica familiar. Os achados das pesquisas foram classificados de acordo com o tema investigado e os aspectos metodológicos categorizados. Os principais tópicos desenvolvidos pelos artigos foram o estresse parental nas famílias de crianças autistas, a comunicação funcional, os grupos comparativos acerca do estresse parental, as interações familiares, as estratégias de enfrentamento, a resiliência, o atendimento psicoterápico, a identificação e tratamento precoce para autismo.This paper aims to evaluate systematically the literature constituted by research reports indexed in the data bases MedLine, PsycInfo and LILACS, produced from 1991 to 2001, about the psychosocial impact in families of children with autistic disorder. The review intends to access the influence of parental stress, as the factor affecting the direct caregivers and contributing to the occurrence of alterations in the familiar dynamic. The findings of the studies were classified in agreement with the investigated theme and categorized methodological aspects. The main topics focused were parental stress in the autistic children's families, functional communication, comparative groups concerning parental stress, family interactions, strategies of coping, resilience, psychotherapy, identification and early treatment for autism.

This study investigated what predicts the occurrence of hot flushes (HF) and night sweats (NS). A community sample of 992 women (42-60 years) answered a questionnaire to collect socio-demographic, health and menopause-related, as well as lifestyle information. Depressive mood and stress, as well as HF and NS (in terms of presence, frequency and intensity), were also assessed. Structural equation modelling was used to build a structural model to predict the occurrence of both vasomotor symptoms. Results: Stress predicted NS (β =.154; p =.006), whereas depressive mood was linked to the occurrence of HF's (β =.149; p =.006). Being peri-menopausal and post-menopausal, among several other characteristics, were also significant predictors of the occurrence of both HF and NS. This study supports a distinguished influence of stress and depressive mood in NS and HF respectively, probably due to the nature of psychological symptoms. Moreover, significant associations between vasomotor symptoms and socio-demographic, health and menopause-related characteristics, and alcohol were confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to perform a confirmatory factor analysis of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) in the Brazilian versions of 14, 10, 4 items; to analyze their concurrent validity with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12); to map the profile of the stress in a representative sampling; and to establish stress assessment parameters by the standardization of the scores from overall population. The sample was population-based by conglomerate designs and clusters tracts. Thus, 1,154 inhabitants from a capital city of a northeastern state of Brazil participated in the study, mostly female (55.6%), with high school degree (51.7%), employed (72.7%), and nonsmokers (90.6%). The average income and age were BRL 1,200.00 and 29 years old, respectively. By the end, it was found satisfactory adjustments for the three PSS versions but just in its two-factor model; the PSS with 10 items was shown as a harmonious solution between the full and reduced scales considering the relationship between parsimony and statistical robustness of the scale. Furthermore, the PSS ratified its concurrent validity with the GHQ-12. It was also made the scores normalization of the PSS setting up parameters for future comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the current study is to map the relationships among stressors, stress, coping, and subjective well-being in Master’s and PhD students in Brazil. It has also been drawn up an explanatory model of the determination of subjective well-being in the mentioned population. Participants were 2150 Master’s and PhD students in Brazil, from the five regions of the country and from all major knowledge areas of CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior). The instruments used were a questionnaire about stressors in post-graduate programs, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Ways of Coping Scale, and the Scale of Subjective Well-Being. Finally, it was found that the model of subjective well-being, tested by path analysis, denoted satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices and corroborated the theoretical assumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study has been to know if the relationship between stress and elderly quality of life can be moderated by the meaning in life. Two hundred and ten participants with mean age of seventy four years old, most of them female (68.58%) took part in the study. The participants answered the following instruments: Mini Mental State Exam, Stressing Events Inventory, Elderly Quality of Life Questionnaire, Purpose in Life Test (PIL) and demographic questions. Principal component analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regressions were analyzed. The results obtained indicated that the influence of stress on quality of life is significant for the group with low meaning in life, but it was not the same for the group with high meaning in life. Thus, the meaning in life seems to have acted as a protective factor for the quality of life showing its moderating role with respect to stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stressful or traumatic event may become a central reference point in the organization of long-term memory, influencing the meaning of other experiences. The Centrality of Event Scale (CES) is an instrument in which participants recall the most traumatic event of their life and endorse 20 items. The CES was translated, adapted and validated for the Brazilian context in a sample of 195 undergraduates (75.8% women). The version obtained good internal consistency and significant correlation with a screening measure of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms. New hypotheses on the cognitive processing of traumatic events are explored in the light of a factor analysis of the CES. Opportunities for CES use include monitoring cognitive patterns and therapeutic effectiveness in situations related to trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bipolar affective disorder induces incapacitation and social isolation, and might lead to suicide. It was a clinical study of multiple cases using the following instruments: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Suicide Inventory (BSI), Hamilton Scale of Depression (HAM-D) and the Rorschach, by Exner's Comprehensive System (CS). The objective was to analyze the affective, cognitive and interpersonal aspects of the patients. Four female out-patients who were previously diagnosed as bipolar depressive, by the Psychiatry Interview according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (SCIDI/ CV-DSM-IV) criteria were studied. Results had indicated undervalued feelings about themselves, euphoric contents and lack of insight about the self-tolerance related to stress controls. Emotional and cognitive aspects have influenced the interpersonal context leading to increased suffering. Other qualitative and clinic data have been observed and commented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study has investigated the parental stress in mothers of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (n=30), in mothers of children with co-morbidity with the Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) (n=30), and in mothers of children with typical development (n=30). In addition, possible correlations of parental stress with coping strategies, social support and ADHD severity have been investigated. The mothers have been evaluated using the following instruments: (a) Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ); (b) Parental Coping Inventory - Health Area - CHIP; (c) Questionnaire of Parental Stress for Parents of Children with Development Disorder; (d) MTA SNAP-IV Teachers and Parents Rating Scale. The results indicated that mothers of children with ADHD and ADHD + ODD presented more parental stress than mothers of children with typical development. In addition, social support, self-esteem coping and medical coping moderated the parental stress effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research compared the rates of stress in 60 patients interned for undergoing cholecystectomy surgery. 30 were treated by the National Health System (BR) and 30 by private health care plans. The instruments used for the research were the Lipp's Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults and two questionnaires: a socialdemographic questionnaire and one on clinical variables related to the surgery. The results showed that more patients from the National Health System (BR) group were under stress (93.3%) in comparison to those from private health care plans (33.3%) (p<0.05). The variables which showed statistical differences in terms of stress were: being female, not having attended to preanesthetic evaluation and not having a basic school education level. Those factors had a relation to stress in the overall sample (p<0.05), highlighting the fact that all of those factors had a higher incidence in the National Health System (BR) group (p<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]