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Stepped, evidence-based and integrated care service models have the potential to be used as a reference for mental health services. RECOVER aimed to evaluate cost savings, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of such a model within a two arm, assessor- and data analysist-blinded RCT in Hamburg, Germany. Participants aged 16-79 years with mental disorders were randomly assigned either to RECOVER or treatment as usual (TAU). Primary outcomes comprised costs, effectiveness (combined symptoms, functioning, quality of life), and cost-effectiveness, hierarchically ordered. Outcomes were evaluated according to the ITT principle, group differences regarding costs with adjusted generalized linear models, effectiveness with ANCOVA models, and cost-effectiveness with the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves (CEACs). Between 1/1/2018 and 12/31/2020, n = 891 were finally included (n = 477 in RECOVER, n = 444 in TAU). RECOVER was associated with significantly lower annual total costs (-22 %), health and social care costs (-25 %) and hospital costs (-50 %). Effectiveness analyses showed a significantly better outcome for RECOVER with the fully imputed data . The CEACs descriptively demonstrated that RECOVER was cost-effective with a probability of >95 %. Treatment in RECOVER resulted in substantial cost reductions with better cost-effectiveness. RECOVER can be recommended as a reference model for comprehensive and integrated mental health services., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest ML: consultant or speaker fees AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lilly Deutschland GmbH, Janssen Cilag GmbH, Lundbeck GmbH, Otsuka Pharma GmbH, Roche Deutschland Holding GmbH, Sanovi Aventis, Trommsdorff GmbH & Co KG. AK: consultant or speaker fees from Lilly Deutschland GmbH, Janssen Cilag GmbH, Lundbeck GmbH, Otsuka Pharma GbmH, Laboratorios Farmacéuticos Rovi, Takeda GmbH, Shares of MiNDNET e-Health AG, MiNDNET e-Health-Solutions GmbH JG: speaker fees from Lundbeck GmbH, Otsuka Pharma GmbH, Janssen Cilag GmbH. AR: speaker fees Pfizer Pharma GmbH. CUC: has been a consultant and/or advisor to or has received honoraria from: AbbVie, Acadia, Alkermes, Allergan, Angelini, Aristo, Biogen, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Cardio Diagnostics, Cerevel, CNX Therapeutics, Compass Pathways, Darnitsa, Denovo, Gedeon Richter, Hikma, Holmusk, IntraCellular Therapies, Janssen/J&J, Karuna, LB Pharma, Lundbeck, MedAvante-ProPhase, MedInCell, Merck, Mindpax, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Mylan, Neurocrine, Neurelis, Newron, Noven, Novo Nordisk, Otsuka, Pharmabrain, PPD Biotech, Recordati, Relmada, Reviva, Rovi, Seqirus, SK Life Science, Sunovion, Sun Pharma, Supernus, Takeda, Teva, and Viatris. He provided expert testimony for Janssen and Otsuka. He served on a Data Safety Monitoring Board for Compass Pathways, Denovo, Lundbeck, Relmada, Reviva, Rovi, Sage, Supernus, Tolmar and Teva. He has received grant support from Janssen and Takeda. He received royalties from UpToDate and is also a stock option holder of Cardio Diagnostics, Mindpax, LB Pharma, PsiloSterics and Quantic. DL: speaker fees Janssen Cilag GmbH All other authors have no conflicts of interest to report. Conflict of Interest or Competing Interest do not exist in relation to the RECOVER study and in relation to the report of the results in this manuscript., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

While the impact of sleep on cognitive functions such as memory is under extensive study, the role of sleep in modulating a persons' subjective well-being remains largely uncharacterized, especially in groups with psychiatric disorders. To gather more information on this topic a study was conducted with 20 patients suffering from Major Depression (MD) and 20 healthy controls, matched for age, gender and education. All subjects rated their subjective well-being at 10a.m. in the morning. Half of the subjects in each experimental group were given the opportunity to nap in the afternoon between 2p.m. and 3.30p.m., while the other half stayed awake accompanied by controlled activity. All subjects rated their subjective well-being again at 4p.m. Only the group of patients with MD who were given the opportunity to sleep during the day showed a significant improvement in subjective well-being from morning to afternoon. All the other subgroups showed no significant changes across the time interval. The results of this study suggest that depressive patients benefit from daytime naps with regard to their subjective well-being. Further research is needed to determine the exact mechanisms of this improvement., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)