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We have observed the HC3N(J = 10-9) and N2H+ (J = 1-0) lines toward the VelaC molecular clouds with the Mopra 22 m telescope to study the chemical characteristics of dense cores. The intensity distributions of these molecules are similar to each other at an angular resolution of 53", corresponding to 0.19 pc, suggesting that these molecules trace the same dense cores. We identified 25 local peaks in the velocity-integrated intensity maps of the HC3N and/or N2H+ emission. Assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions, we calculated the column densities of these molecules and found a tendency for the N2H+/HC3N abundance ratio to be low in starless regions while it seems to be high in star-forming regions, similar to the tendencies in the NH3/CCS, NH3/HC3N, and N2H+/CCS abundance ratios found in previous studies of dark clouds and the OrionA giant molecular cloud (GMC). We suggest that carbon chain molecules, including HC3N, may trace chemically young molecular gas, and that N-bearing molecules, such as N2H+, may trace later stages of chemical evolution in the Vela C molecular clouds. It may be possible that the N2H+ /HC3N abundance ratio of ~1.4 divides the star-forming and starless peaks in Vela C, although it is not as clear as those in NH3/CCS, NH3/HC3N, and N2H+ /CCS for the OrionA GMC. This less clear separation may be caused by our lower spatial resolution or the misclassification of star-forming and starless peaks due to the larger distance of Vela C. It might also be possible that the HC3N (J = 10-9) transition is not a good chemical evolution tracer compared with CCS (J = 4-3 and 7-6) transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]