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Objective: To assess the impact of local and systemic factors on additional peri-implant bone loss. Method and Materials: From a total of 253 patients, 193 were selected (126 women) and restored with 722 implants, in place for at least 1 year. Patients had previously attended the supportive periodontal/peri-implant therapy program at the Department of Implant Dentistry at the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The study was divided according to physiologic (PBL < 2 mm) or additional bone loss (ABL > 2 mm) evaluated from the time of prosthesis placement to the reassessment visit. Data collection and analysis included evaluation of systemic factors, such as history of periodontal disease, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism/hypothyroidism, osteoporosis, kidney disease, alcohol abuse, smoking habits, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, menopause, and hormone replacement. Analysis of local factors included implant platform, diameter, location, time in function, and type of prosthesis. Results: No systemic factors influenced ABL (P> .05). Considering local factors, only time in function and type of prosthesis influenced ABL (P< .05). Conclusion: Fixed partial dental prostheses and full-arch fixed prostheses present higher rates of ABL. In addition, all types of prostheses showed greater ABL when in function for more than 4 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]