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This paper shows the different forms of cultural resistance that some people belonging to original cultures in Mexico and who have migrated to the city of León Guanajuato have. Through qualitative research and the interview technique, we recover the actions they have to preserve particular characteristics of their culture are revealed. In the first place, we will talk about what the resistance of native peoples is, and then, we analyzed the strategies used by indigenous people to preserve everything that identifies them as part of their community, culture and people even when they are outside of it, that is, knowing the way in which they resist so that their culture continues to stay alive wherever they decide to go. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this paper are to describe with two examples the recreation of communality in an urban context. And, to explain how the Betaceña community has recreated its culture through the communal practice (with the party). On the other hand, it is intended to account for how through these practices the members of this community have adapted to a new space, and have resisted the complexities that migration implies. Therefore, the recreated communality is considered as a form of Zapotec resistance in urban contexts. This analysis is of utmost importance, because it will contribute to blur the conceptions that are held about communality. In addition to visualizing other forms of Zapotec resistance. In order to obtain the results, this work used an ethnographic methodology. It mainly relied on participant observation and the elaboration of field diaries. Thus, the description and analysis of the empirical data resulted in the possibility of a decontextualized communality or a communality recreated through the party. Becoming the way in which the Betaceños adapt, remain and resist culturally in an urban context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to analyze the family and social resources of Mexican university students according to the type of experience with migration, be it their own and / or that of a family member to support the design of interventions. It is a quantitative study of correlational type of comparison of groups. 4,284 students from 15 schools of Mexican Higher Education institutions participated, who answered different scales to evaluate their social and family resources. Significant differences were found in three subdimensions of social resources: initiative F (2,923) p (.003), support network F (2,170) p (.027) and total social resources F (1,437) p (.175). And in two subdimensions of family resources: family expression F (1.259) p (.260) and family difficulties F (3.70) p (.001), the differences are discussed emphasizing their usefulness for the design of specific interventions that take into account the type of experience with migration that has been lived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the migration and school trajectories of young migrants in higher secondary and middle education in Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico and high school in Flagstaff, Arizona, USA. Applying semistructured interviews with narrative elements to students from both countries, we show the school discontinuities that exist between the respective educational systems. We conclude that these "transnational students" are not being addressed in their cultural diversity and pose a challenge for educational institutions. Moreover, their experiences and support networks are not leveraged by educational policies nor by the monocultural and mono-national school institutions in both contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows evidence of the work carried out during a postdoctoral stay at the University of California, Merced campus, in California, United States, as a CONACyT fellow, in the period from November 2014 to October 2015. By conducting qualitative research, some characteristics of migration and ethnic reproduction strategies developed by family members from Oaxaca, Mexico, who migrated to the United States, settling in Madera County, where they survive - some with resident status and others as undocumented - constituting an indigenous migrant and day laborer population of various ethnic groups from Oaxaca, among which a group of Zapotecs from Coatecas Altas (Ejutla, Oaxaca) was analyzed, through home visits and attending civic, festive and political events, recovering life stories that show that their migration occurs from the economic situation and the lack of job opportunities in their places of origin. Regarding ethnic reproduction, it was found that at their homes they try to strengthen their ethnic traditions and the use of their mother language, but that is extremely difficult due to the incorporation of their descendants into an American culture dominated by the English language. However, in recent times, it is observed that some young people with indigenous ancestry play a very important role in the fight for the vindication of their ethnic and group rights in the United States, a country in which some have grown and others have married and raised family, and where some have had the opportunity to study from joining programs like DREAM ACT, DACA and DAPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As of 2018 in Sinaloa State there were 946,868 people in poverty and 82, 305 people who live in extreme poverty, and they lack a lot of basics: health, education, food, social security, housing and basic services. Undoubtedly the problem of poverty in Sinaloa is serious, and it is because of this situation that several inhabitants of the poorest zones of Sinaloa, have no other choice than to migrate to the United States, given that not even activities like agriculture for exports or fishing solve their economic problems. However, the topic of migrant women with an H2B temporary work visa, in Mexico and Sinaloa, has seldom been addressed. The goal is to know through the migratory history of a "topeña" with an H2B temporary work visa, the life and working conditions at the crab pulping, catfish filleting and crawfish peeling companies at Louisiana, United States. We conclude that not having a bilateral agreement between the Mexican and the American government, neither instance regulates the working relationships, and from there the living and working conditions at the seafood companies gets to be tantamount to slavery, due to the fact that they are made to work up to 14 hours per day and they get paid by the piece and not by the hour as the labor laws from the United States stipulate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On March 17, 2015, the indigenous day laborers of the San Quintin Valley made their labor demands public through stoppages, demonstrations, blockades and negotiations with the businessmen and authorities of the state and federal governments. The objective of this work is to show the organizational strategies that indigenous agricultural laborers have developed in order to improve their working and living conditions. In addition, from the bibliographic review, hemerographic and empirical evidence, emphasis is placed on the derivation of labor mobilization to an ethnic movement, as well as the claim of the female sector as an agent of representativeness and leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I present the case of the Zapotec families from Oaxaca settled in Estación Pesqueira, in the northern state of Sonora, Mexico. The close relationship between the migratory process and the appropriation of geographic spaces in destination areas is shown. The case study is an ethnographic approach in areas of export crops, especially table grapes carried out from 2010 to 2015. This work has allowed me to show how the spatial and identity appropriation of these settlement sites is achieved based on characteristics individuals of each group and their families, for example, based on popular religiosity or ethnic spirituality. With respect to the Zapotec families of Oaxaca, especially in the area of the Central Valleys, which is where the families I speak about in this article come from, migration has been a factor present in their strategies of social reproduction. Zapotec families in this area began in the migratory process since the 1940s with the Bracero program, then continued to migrate to the area of Costa de Oaxaca, Papaloapan, Chiapas and Veracruz in the 1970s, especially in crops cotton and coffee plantations. Later they migrated to the agricultural areas of northwestern Mexico (Baja California, Sinaloa, Sonora), even reaching states such as California, Oregon and Washington in the United States in the late 1970s, employing themselves mainly as agricultural day laborers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to analyze, in the case of Mexico, the main mobility trends of temporary workers, linked to the production of fruits and vegetables for export, compared to the seasonal demand for labor used by the sugarcane agribusiness that it is mainly oriented, to the domestic market. It is concluded that these two subsectors concentrate the demand for agricultural workers in the country due to the processes of integration of production, to chains of global distribution and the control of transnational capitals. At the same time, the offer of day laborers has been extended to all the states of the country, as a result of the desagrarization, asalarization and migration in rural areas. Migratory flows linked to the fresh fruits and vegetables for export, show greater mutations, with respect to sugar cane in terms of worker profile, intermediation systems and working periods of time. The reflections presented here are based on a mixed approach that combines the findings of research based mainly on qualitative methodologies -carried out by the authors in different agricultural regions for more than a decade-, with the quantitative analysis of the statistical data recorded by the Department of Work and Social Welfare (STPS), within the framework of a program to support the internal mobility of rural workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a reflection towards the territorial scope as an analysis tool that allows, for the migration studies, to address the particularities of the places of origin of migrants to understand why mobility processes appear, as well as the repercussions that these entail. For this reason, the case of the Sierra Gorda of Guanajuato, a region with high levels of marginalization and contrasts of migration, is presented, which makes it possible to question the relationship between poverty and migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city of Aguascalientes, Mexico, is known as "The Land of Good People". This qualifying adjective has helped to shape a regional identity that, with an a priori judgment, disqualifies and rejects other identities. This article shows how there is discrimination and racism towards people who belong to other places and have other identities through the denial of public spaces, the counting in official statistics or the classification as migrants or floating population. Although this type of practice is directed to every person who was not born there, it intensifies towards indigenous peoples. This is a first approach to racism in Aguascalientes to make the phenomenon visible and might lead to more or deeper research of this problem. We used a documentary and qualitative non-representative research methodology that give us a general approach to the situation experienced by different communities and specifically the indigenous one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexico's southern border is the entry point for different migratory flows, mainly from Central America, these flows have taken place under socioeconomic contexts and conditions which demand the constant livelihood strategies pursuit from people. This paper is focused on the agricultural laborers from Guatemalan origin, within coffee plantation farms at the Soconusco, Chiapas. The main objective is arguing how the lack of access -or restricted access- to education and the precarious inclusion to work and migration, have positioned youth population of migrant laborers, from Guatemalan origin, into social processes of social exclusion and vulnerability. It is concluded that conditions generated from these processes, preclude the generation of different work expectations, the access to a higher quality of life and the social mobility in a men and woman development crucial stage. The exposed information comes from quantitative and qualitative research methods. A nonrandom survey was applied to 129 families; 20 semi-structured interviews for children and adolescents within farms and 25 to actors involved in the recognition and performance of the human rights of migrant children in the southern Mexican border area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide quantitative elements useful for the design of an update on the migration situation in the State of Mexico diagnosis, this paper analyzes the Survey on Migration to the United States of Mexico State (EMMEU) that was designed and implemented with to quantify and characterize migrants moving to the United States and within the country to identify the impact of this movement in their homes of origin. Concepts and ordinarily resident household who are regularly employed in population censuses and demographic surveys conducted by the National Institute of Geography of Mexico are used. Analytical dimension, design and survey sample is explained and concludes with the scope and limitations of EMMEU 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexican migration to other countries, primarily United States, is a phenomenon that has been studied from different approaches. It is an important flow of people who, for decades, has left Mexico in search of employment opportunities and higher income. This is due to the weakness of opportunities structure present in Mexico, predominantly in rural areas, as well as budget constraints that prevent households to improve their living conditions. Remittances from other countries, in turn, are an alternative for families to address the lack of employment opportunities and income in their homeland, as well as life-deficit conditions. To see how remittances impact on living conditions of indigenous population, in this paper we analyze living conditions of indigenous households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese migration to Mazatlan and Mexico, began in the midnineteenth century, via San Francisco. They were the most important foreign colony from the early decades of the twentieth century. On arrival the Chinese population lacked capital as largely devoted to provide their services as domestic workers, especially farmers and craft activities related to repairing and making shoes. With the advent of the twentieth century and the accumulation of some capital, began its foray into the retail trade, which was the domain of national merchants. The commercial importance of the Chinese was one of the causes of the hostility of Mexican traders, which coupled with the counter-arguments raised by the Labor Law, Health Code, the culmination of the Treaty with China and the effects of the 1929 crisis, served as sustenance for their expulsion in 1932. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently a large number of people in the indigenous community of Puacuaro, Michoacán migrate to the U.S., most of them reside for periods of more than 5 years, and the rest do it temporarily. This article describes and analyzes the role played by women within the family and community during the period of absence from their spouse. It was found that, in the social organization of indigenous community, the power distance between men and women is very wide, but with the migration of males this distance changes and set up a higher proportion of women participation in family life, as head of household, and as in public spaces, whether in community assemblies, celebrations and family crops. However, with the return of the migrant relative, the family organization returns to its previous structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, Mexico has been marked by intense migration flows. It is a sending, transit, and destination country for migration. This has brought consequences in various aspects in both origin and destination countries. Migration has economic impacts, but also demographics, political and cultural, just to name a few. It is for this reason that international migration has been considered by some authors as a total social fact (Abad, 2000). In this regard, one of the hallmarks of migration is that it brings cultural diversity. Migration generates linguistic and religious diversity that enrich societies but at the same time can be complicated to manage. This paper discusses some statistical relationships between religion and migration intensity of the municipalities of the state of Guanajuato at the beginning of the XXI century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between international remittances and development in the migratory systems of Bolivia and Paraguay in search of convergences and divergences. The issue of international remittances and development has been widely discussed in the literature, however, has attracted relatively little attention in the Southern Cone of Latin America.We debate the approach on the topic and analyze empirical evidence based on microdata from household surveys. In both countries, we suggest differences between households linked to the Global North and those linked to the Global South in three features:a) sociodemographics; b) socioeconomics and c) the dynamics of sending, receiving and uses of remittances.Theysuggests two main features: 1) in recipient households: dependence;2) in all households: deepeninginequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis of the temporary workers program that are recruited by the H2-A type visas for agricultural workers, who leave the rural state of Michoacan, Mexico, particularly of indigenous Purepecha communities and what is their participation in contracts, cross-border connections and the impact on Mexico and the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is the result of a study that is still in development, which includes the analysis of secondary sources of information and data from THEMIS Project -- Theorising the Evolution of European Migration Systems. The later provided some "clues" for the research which aims to deepening the knowledge and understanding of international mobility patterns of Brazilian students in higher education in Portugal. It is intended, therefore, to analyze the macro, meso and micro factors that can be responsible for this type of mobility, as well as to explain the choice of the territory of destination and the plans for other types of future migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last decade, the employment of migrants from non-traditional regions in the U.S., such as Sinaloa, reflects not only the change in the profile of mexican migrant workers; urban, women, young and more educational level, but fits in work conditions and job insecurity flexibility in the production process. Thus, the career paths of migrants from Sinaloa workers reflect precarious and vulnerable conditions by the structural conditions of the regions of origin and destination and the effects of cyclical economic crises, adding the dependency on social and family networks that carry to a small margin of confinement and labor mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the international migration scene between Mexico and the United States of America, the present essay describes and analyzes several concepts from Psychology related to individual, family and national identity linking them to transnationality. A typology of Transnational identity styles is proposed and exemplified with narrations and histories that have been obtained in field work with women with migrant relatives that remain in their communities of origin in Michoacan, Mexico. In conclusion, there is not a single type of transnational identity; therefore, their manifestation is different depending on the characteristics of the actors and the circumstances of the migration process, their styles of learning and interrelation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to show how, over one hundred years of Mexican migration to the United States, the Mexican government has had a different institutional response level, under the political, economic and social both Mexico American Union, from ignorance of the problem and its consequent public inaction, to the development of a strategy for action that could be defined as public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze, characterize and give a definition of home workshop production from wood craft activities performed by residents of San Juan Pamatácuaro, Michoacán. For its realization, from an ethnographic perspective had to live for a time in the community study and thus directly observe workspaces artisans and learn in their own words of their organization in different ways, as the establishment of a workshop is given in the domestic space, the tools that are used have certain peculiarities, labor usually takes familiar, coupled required part marketing or networking. Furthermore, learning from each of the trades is through socialization and observation. Thus the formation of these productive activities turn out to be a survival strategy just for families to meet their needs because they do not generate surpluses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of coffee prices crisis in Mexico, mainly for indigenous producers, a labor expulsion process between their family members, like the case of indigenous coffee growers in Huehuetla municipality, Puebla. This population movement could be categorized as inner migration, but with a permanent character due to low prices and the lack of well remunerated jobs in coffee farms. Inner migration responds to poverty and marginalization conditions in which they are living; and monolingualism influences over this kind of migration too. So, being coffee producer is synonym of being indigenous, marginal and poor. Based on this condition, in context of low prices for the main commodity, migrate overseas is rather impossible; the only opportunity in order to improve their lives is realizing inner migration, mainly to cities like Mexico and Puebla, where the family members of coffee growers are employed without any social benefit. If the conditions in coffee farms remain in the future this migratory flow will hold steady; putting at risk peasant's ways of living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is analyze migration social nets in a context of international and national migration process, in Cuacnopalan, municipality of Palmar de Bravo, Puebla (a new rural region which has been incorporated to international migration). In order to reach this task, we use as framework concepts like social webs and migration social webs. Furthermore, we focus on the importance and the function of social webs in population behavior; because this migration social webs have improve migrations process between domestic groups in the last years, which has turn national migration into international migration. These webs are based on relativeness, friendship, fellowship and are economic relationships too. Also, this research found that at the same time, migration represent one of the most important reproduction strategies developed by domestic groups, in this rural space, and this strategy could be impossible to do without the development of a web to migrate; in this way, the existence of this kind of webs are an important untouchable social capital, which is materialized by a constant migration flow, that keep an economic, social and cultural link. So, migration is easier thanks to social webs, even without money to cover it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]