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The seasonal blood pressure variability (BPV) is known to demonstrate a typical winter peak. Recently, more attention is paid to the opposite situation: the summer BP levels being higher than those in winter. This phenomenon is called inverse BPV. The present article summarizes recent data on this topic. The data of the HOMED-BP project, as well as the results of the original prospective study in 770 hypertensive patients from two Russian Federation regions (mean follow-up duration 6.4 years), were used. According to the preliminary knowledge, the prevalence of inverse BPV in hypertensive patients is relatively high (15-25%). This phenomenon is more typical for treated patients, particularly for those on combination therapy, and is associated with beta-blocker intake. Higher duration of hypertension and higher levels of some risk factors (smoking) characterize the patients with inverse BPV. According to the HOMED-BP data, patients with inverse BPV had the highest overall cardiovascular risk (hazard ratio in comparison with the reference group of “minimal” “normal” BPV was 3.07; p=0.004). In summary, inverse BPV is a potentially unfavorable BP phenotype. However, its reproducibility and prospective value deserve further investigation. The absolute magnitude of seasonal BPV in these patients, calculated using different BP measurement methods, warrants special attention.

Aim. To study the main relationships of the white coat effect (WCE) levels in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) with bronchial asthma (BA) who treated with AH and BA drugs in routine clinical practice.Material and Methods. We analyzed the prospective cohort study data of AH patients, some of them had BA without exacerbation. We have formed two groups of patients:1 - control group, patients with AH without BA, the second - with AH + BA. The study consisted of three visits (first visit, 6 months and 12 months visits) and data collection period (30.1±7.6 months of follow-up). The following procedures were performed at the first and 12 month visits: clinical blood pressure (BP) measurements (sitting and standing), 24-hour monitoring ambulatory (ABPM), spirometry, clinical and biochemical blood tests, BA control questionnaires (ACQ) and quality of life (QL) questionnaire (GWBQ), at the second visit clinical BP measurement was performed and, if necessary, the drug dose was corrected.Results. The study included 125 patients, 28 men, 97 women. The first group of AH patients without BA included 85 people, the second (AH + BA) - 40. In AH patients without BA with ischemic heart disease, arterial revascularization, regular alcohol intake and smoking we identified the association with the lower WCE levels. In AH+BA patients with diabetes mellitus, gastrointestinal diseases, higher education was identified WCE decrease. In AH patients without asthma we found inverse relationships WCE levels with respiratory function parameters, the nighttime BP decrease, heart rate and the difference between standing and sitting BP levels, and correlations with the EchoCG variables (the left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) indices), with age, AH duration and body mass index (BMI). In patients with AH + BA we found inverse correlations between WCE levels and some EchoCG variables, the difference between standing and sitting BP levels, and correlations with body weight, BMI.Conclusion. Thereby, in AH patients without BA with ischemic heart disease, revascularization, regular alcohol intake, smoking we identified the association with the lower WCE levels. This patients WCE indices had inverse correlations with height, respiratory function parameters, the BP nighttime decrease, the difference between standing and sitting BP levels and direct relationships with EchoCG variables of LVH, age, AH duration and BMI. In AH + BA patients with diabetes, gastrointestinal diseases, higher education we found relationships with lesser WCE manifestation. WCE levels in this group had inverse correlations with some EchoCG indicators, the standing and sitting BP difference and direct relations with weight and BMI.

Background. Early diagnostics of masked hypertension (MH) is one of the key problems in modern cardiology due to the association of this blood pressure (BP) phenotype with doubled cardiovascular risk in comparison with normotension (NT). The current hypertension guidelines list numerous conditions, when the ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) is desirable in patients with normal office BP. However this list does not represent clearly defined, agreed and approved indications for ABPM as a diagnostic tool for MH.Aim. To develop a method of MH diagnostics for the use in routine clinical practice based on the comparing characteristics of patients with reproducible MH vs NT.Material and methods. The patients were selected from two trials that used ABPM (n=1778). The selection criteria included age 40-79 years, office BPResults. In total, 153 patients with reproducible (both winter and summer) BP phenotype were included: 127 with MH, and 26 with NT (mean age 49.1Ѓ}7.8 years, 36.1% males). In multivariate analysis, reproducible MH was associated with body mass index (β2.097; pConclusions. MH is often found in patients with normal and optimal office BP and without “hypertension” diagnosis. The method described in the article helps to detect MH with high probability and define the individual indications for ABPM. The MH phenomenon in the category of patients warrants further investigation.

In hypertensive patients, blood pressure variability (BPV) and comorbidity are associated with prognosis. However, there have been no complex prospective studies of BPV in patients with hypertension and chronic lower airway diseases (CLAD). Aim. To investigate specific features of different BPV types and their prognostic value in hypertensive patients with and without CLAD in a prospective study. Material and methods. This prospective cohort study included hypertensive patients, approximately half of whom had asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Clinic blood pressure (BP) measurements, ambulatory and home BP monitoring (ABPM, HBPM), spirometry, clinical blood analysis and blood chemistry, and a standard questionnaire and physical examination were performed at baseline and 12 months later. Clinical BP measurements and HBPM were also repeated 6 months after the baseline visit. At 12 months from the last study visit, we collected the information about cardiovascular complications and deaths. Statistical methods included ANOVA and survival analysis. The BPV indices were calculated as SD for different time periods, ARV (average real variability), and VIM (variation independent of mean). The inter-group comparisons were adjusted for age and sex. The assessment of intra-visit and long-term BPV was based on clinical BP measurement. The assessment of 24-hour BPV and mid-term BPV was based on ABPM and HBPM, respectively. Results. The BPV levels, assessed by ABPM and HBPM, were higher in patients with CLAD. There were no long-term BPV differences between two groups, in according to clinical BP data. Higher levels of daytime BPV were associated with orthostatic systolic BP, baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). An increase in nighttime BPV was associated with COPD, serum creatinine, FEV1 after β2-agonist inhalation, and GFR. In the CLAD group, the cumulative survival was lower, while the total risk was higher. The following endpoint predictors were identified: supraventricular arrhythmias, SD of nighttime diastolic BP, blood leukocyte count and nocturnal BP fall (Wald Chi-Square 14.780- 4.257; p

Background. Seasonal variability of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality emphasizes the need for the development of new preventive approaches. One of them could be early diagnostics of the unfavorable blood pressure (BP) phenotypes.Aim. To evaluate markers of the masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUH) phenotype in winter and summer in ambulatory treated hypertensive patients.Material and methods. We selected patients from the database (n=477; Ivanovo and Saratov residents) according to the following criteria: regular antihypertensive treatment (AHT), clinical BP

Background. The seasonal variability of blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality motivates researchers to search for the new approaches of the antihypertensive treatment (AHT) efficacy assessment, including the analysis of interrelation between clinic and ambulatory BP, i.e. BP phenotypes.Aim. To evaluate the prevalence of BP phenotypes in treated hypertensive outpatients both in winter and summer.Material and methods. Hypertensive patients under regular AHT with available data of clinic BP and 24-hour BP monitoring both in winter and summer seasons (n=477) were selected from a outpatient database with clinic BP 60%) in this region. In contrast, the cohort of relatively older patients with longer hypertension history examined in a relatively warmer region revealed significantly higher rate of masked uncontrolled hypertension in summer (50.2%) while prevalence of all other phenotypes – in winter.