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Based on the discussion about public policy instruments and studies on public security policies in Brazil, this article aims to analyze the profile of voluntary transfers of Union budget resources concluded through the Ministry of Justice and Public Security (MJSP) with subnational entities in the period from 2008 to 2022. The research adopted documentary analysis and content analysis on public access data extracted from the Mais Brasil Platform. It was identified that the agreements dialogue with the paradigm of public security focused on violence prevention. Also, the study showed that the states of the Brazilian Southeast and South regions are the largest beneficiaries of voluntary transfers from MJSP and that the National Congress became the primary funder of agreements over time. The study concludes that the federal government must improve resource distribution to equitably supply the territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, feminism has driven a gender equality agenda in development policies. Decolonial and intersectional feminisms, for example, have played an anti-racist and anti-colonial agenda. Women's demands have found different degrees of incorporation into international plans, such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this scenario, this work compared gender equality in the MDGs and the SDGs to analyze their advances and challenges in the face of the gender mainstreaming agenda and intersectional and decolonial demands. Documental research was carried out on the objectives, targets, and results of the MDGs and the objectives and targets of the SDGs. The results indicate that the SDGs are more ambitious than the MDGs by adopting a broader and more transversal approach to gender equality. However, there are important gaps in operationalizing an approach to gender inequalities that considers the intersections of different forms of discrimination that affect different groups of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dropout in higher education is a matter of global interest, and several policies were created to encourage students to stay in universities. This article aimed to identify patterns of evaluation of student retention policies in higher education through a systematic literature review, selecting 39 documents from Scopus, Sage Journals, Web of Science, Google academic, and CAPES Periodicals. Regarding evaluation forms, the results indicated the predominance of analyses on the effects of policies on dropout. However, some studies evaluated students' performance and time to graduation. Research works were mostly applied in public university environments, which indicates a scarcity of scientific production about private educational institutions. As for the formats of permanence policies, the literature pointed out four types of aid with different natures: financial, assistance, based on academic merit, and by criteria of students' need/vulnerability. Based on the research, it was proposed that the evaluation of permanence policies should be threefold, considering permanence, performance, and time until graduation. Among the gaps in the literature, comparative studies between the types of policies were highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the gender gap in Brazilian states and the actions of stakeholders of the National Council for Women’s Rights (NCWR). Two research was conducted in two steps. In the first step, a gender gap index in Brazilian states was calculated based on the Global Gender Gap Report (GGGR) methodology, prepared by the World Economic Forum. In the second, the NCWR stakeholders were mapped, and their performance was analyzed, considering the gender gap indexes obtained in the first step and the theoretical framework supported by stakeholder analysis models. The political and economic dimensions presented the worst performance. The Brazilian states with the best general indexes were Amapá, Distrito Federal, and Maranhão, and the worst were Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, and Paraná. On the other hand, NCWR stakeholders acting in public policies related to the economic and political dimensions do not seem to have great relevance and influence capacity. Evidence indicates a concentration of policy efforts in areas where the country has good GGGR indicators (health and education). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refugees are forcibly displaced people who fled their home countries due to persecutions because of their religion, nationality, political opinion, race, or being part of a particular social group. Brazilian Law 9474/1997 recognizes people who are fleeing a situation of severe and generalized violation of human rights as refugees. According to Brazilian law and Constitution, refugees have the same rights as Brazilians. However, my research with 29 refugees living in the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro shows that refugees are disproportionately affected by the Brazilian responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. This article discusses how refugees in Brazil are affected by federal responses to the pandemic. I conducted 29 semi-structured phenomenological interviews with refugees between March 27, 2020, and April 06, 2020. These interviews were analyzed considering responses adopted by the Brazilian government (at the federal level) to respond to COVID-19. I conclude that refugees are affected by the closure of the borders and their rights to documentation, healthcare, and social assistance (the emergency benefit) are violated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basic income programs have been used worldwide as a tool to mitigate the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. In Brazil, the implementation of federal emergency basic income initiatives faces a twofold challenge: money distribution logistics and eligibility criteria. This paper analyses the use of digital complementary currencies (DCC) to face these challenges. Complementary currencies have long existed in Brazil as part of community banks. The latter are institutions that operate at the local level and have better information regarding residents' needs. We present the case of Mumbuca E-Dinheiro, a DCC adopted by the municipality of Maricá (RJ), and discuss how this initiative has enabled quick and safe cash distribution aimed at mitigating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. We suggest that, at present, basic emergency income could be distributed through the E-Dinheiro platform, starting with the municipalities in which it already operates and then expanding to others. Interoperability with other actors in the payment ecosystem and connections with local governments are additional actions to scale up the use of digital complementary currencies to combat the coronavirus crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes how federalism has affected policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Through historical-institutional analysis, the study examines how the model of federalism adopted by President Bolsonaro's government influenced policy responses to the pandemic in the country. In addition, the research points out the existence of two models of federalism in the case analyzed, addressing the outcomes of the confrontation between them. The first model refers to ideas and institutional structures that have emerged since the 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution with cooperative features and strong federal coordination. The second, named "Bolsonaro's federalism," is based on a dualistic view of intergovernmental relations with little participation of the federal government in reducing territorial inequalities and supporting subnational governments, while centralizing issues of national importance and adopting a hierarchical stance. The study shows that Bolsonaro's government increased the conflict with subnational governments and jeopardized the coordination of policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. We conclude that healthcare and federative crises go together and raise a key question: what is the importance of governmental coordination to implement policies to respond to the pandemic and its social and economic effects?. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At all stages of the public policy cycle, the importance of various stakeholders can be verified, either by approving, influencing, implementing, monitoring or helping to modify actions and decisions. Considering that the stakeholder analysis aims at determining the relevance of the stakeholders in a project or policy, the objective of this article is to map the stakeholders involved in the formulation process of the National Program for Access to Technical Teaching and Employment (Pronatec) and to understand the performance and their influence on the process. The qualitative research method was used, through content analysis of formal documents and interviews with program managers. From the mapping of the stakeholders, they were classified according to the model of Savage and collaborators (1991), whose result revealed the potential of each stakeholder to threaten or collaborate with the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research uses a multiple case study approach to assess theoretical propositions from transaction costs economics, the theory of incentives, and the theory of incomplete contracts. The Poupatempo and the Unidades de Atendimento Integrado (UAI), which are two major Brazilian regional citizen service centers, were the cases selected based on an unusual opportunity: the parallel occurrence of two different arrangements of public-private partnership, applied to the same public service. Poupatempo has expanded its network of units since 2007 by building partnerships through outsourcing, whereas UAI has applied the Brazilian legal framework for public-private partnership to develop its services. This multiple case study is based on a contractual analysis that identifies the partnerships' formal incentives and on an examination of private agents' performance. Also, subsidiary semi-structured interviews allowed the observation of non-contractual variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on cities have received increased attention over the years. Urban spaces are, on the one hand, a significant target of speculative financial investments and commodification of life, generating dynamics that are very difficult to contain within the competencies of local governments. At the same time, cities are the central space of everyday life, where there is resistance at many levels seeking to defend the conditions of living and subsistence of the majority of citizens. This special issue presents exciting contributions to the debate on public policies and the city. The articles published approach cities as urban spaces of diversity and encounters; the arena of discursive and material struggles; contradictory embeddedness of commodification and resistance; the focus of institutional disputes between exclusion and participation; and finally, changing spaces that respond to the need for new management technologies at a local level. Drawing on various theoretical frameworks and rich empirical discussions, this special issue reclaims cities as central spaces of everyday life, which are particularly important for protection and emancipation in a global scenario of uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

São Paulo is a megalopolis with a pattern of occupation marked by the prominence of the automobile. However, recently, the urban mobility agenda gained new meaning and new actors were mobilized. From the post-positivist and diffusion theoretical perspectives of public policies, the present work discusses how the idea of the cycling policy arose, adapted and faced resistance in the political and social context of the municipality of São Paulo under Fernando Haddad's government (Workers' Party). As a result of the research, on one hand, the role of the political and epistemic community of the cycling-activists and the entrepreneurial role of Mayor Haddad as elements of political support stand out. On the other hand, the São Paulo press played an oppositional role in the implementation of the policy, acting as a political actor in the subsystem of the cycling policy, by systematically attacking the image of the infrastructures implemented for the bicycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to discuss the possible actors that can determine public policies, and the influence of new decisional arenas on politics. This theoretical work presents the evolution of different models of producing public policies, to the transformations taking place with the adoption of the governance model. Using empirical evidence from the Italian case, the study of new decisional arenas for the determination of public policies shows that there are still several problems to be addressed. Such problems are connected, above all, with the uncertain democratic nature of these arenas, as well as with the impossibility to clearly attribute political responsibility to the choices adopted in these spaces. These are issues and future research questions to be resolved, limiting the analysis to specific case studies, preferably related to the local sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a procedural model designed to optimize the experience of citizens in decision making of public policies through gamification. The study assumes that gamification is motivating and contributes to increase involvement within a specific area. In this case, gamification is used to encourage citizen's engagement in decision-making, based on three models of public policies evaluation that incorporate civic participation in three different roles: auditor, passive and active. Applying the Delphi methodology, the results of reliability and internal consistency show that experts attribute higher value to the model of active participation using gamification. In conclusion, the model designed opens a new area of knowledge within public policies evaluation, embedded in the interactivity of the media context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a little examined process in Brazilian public administration literature: the creation of a Ministry. The mishaps of the constitution of the Special Secretariat for the Promotion of Racial Equality Policies (Seppir) in March 2003 and its implications for public policy design are discussed through the narrative of its creation. Thus, the article examines the reasons for the creation of this ministry as a result of the accommodation of social tensions beyond political coalitions, which impacted public policy. From public documents and interviews with actors with active participation in the process, this paper discusses how the co-optation process allowed the government to accommodate some social tensions it faced. However, the co-optant also suffered changes with the institutionalization of a new place for the construction of public policies to combat racial inequality [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study was to identify the pattern of distribution in the transfer of federal resources to state-run Research Support Foundations (RSFs), between 2004 and 2012, within the context of the implementation of the national Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) policy. The theoretical framework that guided the analysis of this STI policy was based on work by authors affiliated to the concept of neo-institutionalism. Since this study sought to identify any associations there might be between the variables, the correlation of Kendall-Tau was applied because the data did not meet the requirements of normality. A gap was noted between the pattern of resource transfers during the period analyzed and the long-term goals proposed by the policy, which were aimed at reducing regional inequalities and at promoting Brazil's development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social innovation policies have sparked extensive discussions on the future of European socio-economic development, despite there being very few studies that link them to the question of territorial development. This paper analyzes how social innovation initiatives encourage the development of policies capable of boosting territorial development. The case study, which is based on a qualitative analysis, describes the experience of the Bolsa de Terras (Land Exchange). The Land Exchange was created within the field of social economy in order to make use of abandoned land and was transformed into a national policy in Portugal. The research shows that initiatives of social economy are mechanisms able to generate more sustainable local support systems. They also show that the network structure, based on cooperation, appears to be a key mechanism in fostering social innovation policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to identify the challenges and the prospects of the Nacional Program for Sustainable Development of Rural Territories and of the Citizenship Territories Program, using a case study method of research in the Ribeira Valley. Initially there was a strengthening of local civil society organizations through the mobilization and participatory elaboration of the territorial plan. In the next stage, however, the relationship between social and government actors failed to materialize, reflecting the fragility of the institutional structure of these territorial policies. The scenario is repeated on a national scale, due to the loss of relevance that the territorial development approach has had within the government agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to identify to what extent public policies were responsible for the strong economic development seen in the Arapongas/PR furniture-focused Local Productive Arrangement (LPA), between 2000 and 2012, as seen from an institutional perspective. The research for this paper based itself on a case study using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative phase involved the analysis of the thematic content of documents, carried out in 2012, which then supported the quantitative phase through the application of a structured questionnaire in 2013 to 38 companies within the LPA. The conditions of the institutional environment altered the technical environment in terms of allowing for the level of development observed to be sustained. However, they proved much weaker than expected in terms of improving the competitiveness of and economic benefits to these companies as per the APL model disseminated. This was evident in the limitations seen in social relations, which were too weak to offer local actors a degree of trust and to reduce isolation in small groups and individual competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes and analyzes the case of group of empowered women who organized a local NGO and generate empowerment in their community. The paper argues that it is a process in time, being possible to explain it through three empowerment levels: psychological, organizational and communitarian. The empowerment process in these women is independent and emerges as the result of their actions on public and social problems in their community, and it generates impact on social development to the extent that the women change their values about "what is a woman" and "how is her reality". The NGO of women generates empowerment based on the liberation theory and elimination of gender oppression. The study contributes to the understanding of the empowerment phenomenon in women organizations who develop public social policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper questions whether the arrangements of the country's new housing program called "My House My Life" (PMCMV) are democratic and effective. In other words, if they encourage the broader participation of numerous players and if they favor the proposed targets being implemented and achieved. The empirical research showed that such arrangements were indeed favorable in terms of achieving the targets, but that they present democratic shortcomings to the extent that the demands of the relevant social players in the area, as popular movements and organized groups of specialists in urban topics, have not, in fact, been considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before the approval of the Law n. 12.711/2012, which constitutionally institutes affirmative action in the access to federal universities in Brazil, different models of inclusion were discussed and applied in public institutions of Higher Education. This study analyzes and discusses the Argument of Inclusion (AI)--the affirmative action policy that provides additional scoring for applicants from public schools--that took place in the Rio Grande do Norte Federal University (UFRN) between the years of 2006-12. From an extensive database, the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique was used as well as a Quantile Regression, considering as the variables of personal, socioeconomic and educational characteristics of the candidates from the Brazilian Vestibular exam 2010 of UFRN. The results show the relevance of the system of additional scoring as an incentive for inclusive access to universities, and points out new evidences around the variables that affect positively and negatively such access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The public administration in Brazil has guidelines and parameters established in laws, policies or plans that guide the formulation of instruments to guide and assess the democratic management of public policies. The research sought to identify tools and management mechanisms used in decision-making by the Municipal Councils of Social Assistance and Health in Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brasil. From the reading of the minutes (2005-2009), it was obtained as amost cited instrument the rendering of accounts, although this does not show linkage with aims and targets set at the municipal level. The most common mechanisms include internal committees, training, conferences and communication with other organizations. The councils studied appeal to instruments and mechanisms with the potential to increase public participation in municipal management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the systematic Madri -- Monitoring for Inmetro (Brazilian National Institute for Metrology, Quality, and Technology)'s Regulatory Performance Evaluation. Having the cause-and-effect map developed by Ocde as main theory to evaluate regulatory impact, the research was based on the steps of previous knowledge, evidence search and evidence analysis, using the strategies of bibliographic research, documental analysis, interviews and survey. Composed of perspectives, constraints and parameters, Madri -- which can be reproduced, with certain adaptation, to other regulatory realities -- has the potential, at first, to foster the management driven by results, generating regulation improvement and enhancing learning, and, then, in a broader way, to reduce the national regulatory system's deficiency in ex post evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research investigates the new bases of formulation of the Brazilian public security policies from the analysis of recent advances in the area, focusing on the national program of public security with citizenship (Programa Nacional de Segurança Pública com Cidadania - Pronasci. Since the redemocratization process in Brazil, the social problems have increased like the high rates of crime and violence as a result of a historical process of exclusion and social inequality of the lowest classes of the population. The research seeks to explain the trajectories of the implementation of a new paradigm regarding the public security. Therefore, it is considered as a model the process of decentralization that makes municipalities key-players of the management of the public security, working in cooperation with other federal entities, such as states and the Union. The research results show the emergence of a new model of public security management in Brazil in the period analyzed, based on the concept, internationally accepted, of citizen security [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These lines of credit constitute in policies that intend to promote the economic and social development through the generation of employment and income. This article aims to analyze if the public lines of credit -- Proger and BNDES/Finame -- had been accessed by the microenterprises in Chapecó county (SC), also its difficulties and perspectives. It is characterized as a descriptive exploratory study with qualitative approach. Considering the research, it was found a low access index, where there were more difficulties than real perspectives that these lines of credit become social inclusion policies that promote the development to the county and the region. The absence of information of the target groups to be benefited for these policies shows the necessity to reformulate the guidelines of necessary requirements for the access to credit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of Pronaf's implementation evaluation based on the following criteria: content, context, capacity, commitment and clients/coalitions. Beyond the documental analysis, the methodology has used interviews and focus groups. The results highlight the necessity of convergence between the perspectives top-down and bottom-up for the analysis of implementation of public policies and indicate technical assistance deficiencies as the most important obstacles for the success of the program. On the other hand, there are meaningful improvements on the governance structure, enabling the settlement of demands brought up by different actors and that enhances frequent updates in the scope of the program , thus ensuring the maintenance of the operational quality achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The participation of citizens in public policies is an opportunity not only to educate them, but also to increase their empowerment. However, the best way for deploying participatory policies, defining their scope and approach, still remains an open and continuous debate. Using as a case study the Brazilian National Agency of Electric Energy (Aneel), with its public hearings about tariff review, this paper aims at analyzing the democratic aspects of these hearings and challenges the hypothesis of many scholars about the social participation bias in this kind of procedure. This study points out a majority participation of experts, contrasting with the political content of discussions. And, this way, it contributes to a critical analysis of the public hearings as a participatory tool, indicating their strengths and their aspects which deserve a special attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring and evaluation are crucial to the State Planning and have had a growing space in the academic field. The constant interest on those themes is highlighted through their presence in different forums, meetings and nets of specialists that study them, along with the governments demand for them. The present article highlights, in a systematic and analytical way, the importance of public policy evaluation process, organizing information about the conceptual aspects, and the state of art of these themes along with examples about concrete practices of evaluation in different governmental areas. The article is divided in five sections: in the first one it is presented the public policy evaluation concept and its main characteristics. In the second section we analyze different types of evaluation. In the third section we present different evaluation uses. In the fourth section we present the stage of evaluation in Brazil along with some concrete examples. In the end we present some conclusions and recommendations about public policies evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyze the dynamics of participation of social actors in the social management of territorial development policy and how it influences the process of allocation of public resources through the process of monitoring projects in the Territory of Serra do Brigadeiro, Minas Gerais. The study identifies that the experience of constructing and legitimizing policy has enabled a new institutional space (Territorial Forum), which enabled the discussion and selection of collective projects. The Forum, through its deliberative action, managed to establish a relatively autonomous development agenda, which enabled broader discussions on rural development, despite the limitations of the operation of the public policy program and the quality of participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to analyze the empowerment of the women who are beneficiary from the Income Transference Program so-called "Programa Bolsa Família" under the social agents' perception in the Social Assistance Reference Centers (Cras). So, a multiple-case study involving eleven managers from different Cras of the Minas Gerais State was conducted. From the content analysis technique, the answers to the questions composing the interviews were grouped according to the categories: BolsaFamília, Cras and Woman. The results point out the importance of the Cras for either execution of the "Programa Bolsa Família" and the empowerment process, since the acquaintanceship and participation in this location have contributed to the awareness of the rights for the social insertion and the improvement of the women's welfare. Those factors are evidenced through the women's interest for courses, workshops, information on the social programs and psychological attendance. On the agents' perception, it was possible to observe the improvement in life conditions, family relationships, awareness and self-esteem, therefore involving reflexes on the women's empowerment. Although being a slow and embryonic process, it can be said that the empowerment cycle of the women benefiting from the Programa Bolsa Família can be completed, since it reaches the three dimensions: individual, familiar and communitarian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]