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This article discusses three cases of patients who developed cytokine release syndrome (CRS) during treatment for various conditions. The first case involves a 59-year-old man with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who experienced CRS after receiving tisagenlecleucel. Despite treatment with various medications, his condition did not improve until he was given anakinra. The second case involves a 71-year-old woman with follicular lymphoma who developed CRS after receiving axicabtagene ciloleucel. She was treated with dexamethasone and tocilizumab. The third case involves a 15-year-old boy with relapsed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia who experienced CRS after receiving tisagenlecleucel. Despite initial treatment with paracetamol and hydrocortisone, his condition worsened and he was eventually treated with tocilizumab. [Extracted from the article]

A study reported a case of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in a patient with refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who was treated with lisocabtagene-maraleucel. The patient experienced grade 3 CRS, but the duration of treatment and outcome were not specified. The study included a total of 20 patients treated between September 2021 and March 2022, but no further details about these patients were provided. [Extracted from the article]

A study reported a case of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in a patient with refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who was treated with lisocabtagene-maraleucel. The patient experienced grade 3 CRS, but the duration of treatment and outcome were not specified. The study included 20 patients treated between September 2021 and March 2022, but no further details about the other patients were provided. [Extracted from the article]

A 25-year-old man with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) developed chylothorax, a condition characterized by the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the chest cavity, as a result of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) during treatment with welgenaleucel. The patient had a history of various treatments for DLBCL, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. After receiving welgenaleucel, he experienced symptoms such as fatigue, diarrhea, and high fever, and was diagnosed with grade 3 CRS. Treatment with tocilizumab, a medication that targets IL-6, led to significant improvement in his symptoms. The patient was discharged in stable condition and achieved complete remission of DLBCL. The CRS and chylothorax were determined to be a result of welgenaleucel treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A 39-year-old man experienced grade 2 mucositis and grade 2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) while being treated for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with relmacabtagene-autoleucel. He also had a lack of efficacy with various other treatments for follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Despite these complications, he eventually achieved complete metabolic remission after receiving relmacabtagene-autoleucel and maintenance therapy with ibrutinib. [Extracted from the article]

A 74-year-old man with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma developed cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) during treatment with axicabtagene ciloleucel. Despite receiving tocilizumab, dexamethasone, anakinra, and methylprednisolone for ICANS, the patient did not show any improvement (lack of efficacy). His condition worsened, and he eventually died after three months of symptom onset. Autopsy was not performed. [Extracted from the article]

A 26-year-old man with refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma developed cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) during treatment with axicabtagene ciloleucel. He experienced fever and tachycardia consistent with grade 1 CRS, followed by rapidly progressive ICANS characterized by handwriting impairment and encephalopathy. The patient received tocilizumab and dexamethasone, and his ICANS ultimately resolved. MRI scans showed initial abnormalities that later resolved. [Extracted from the article]

This article describes four case reports of patients who experienced various toxicities and no therapeutic response while being treated with tisagenlecleucel for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The patients developed cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), or pancytopenia during treatment. Despite receiving other treatments such as rituximab, dexamethasone, cisplatin, cytarabine, gemcitabine, or etoposide, they did not show a therapeutic response. The article provides details about each patient's medical history, treatment, and outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

All patients started treatment with romiplostim and 7 patients received platelet and RBC transfusions with improvement in cytopenia in all patients. Of all 8 patients with lymphoma, et al. patients had DLBCL and 2 patients had MCL, who were previously treated with unspecified chemotherapy. [Extracted from the article]

He received six courses of an R-CHOP regimen comprising rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone, and two additional doses of rituximab. B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A 56-year-old man exhibited lack of efficacy during treatment with rituximab, gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, cyclophosphamide and prednisone for post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). He was prescribed bridging therapy with 2 cycles of cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m SP 2 sp day 1 and prednisone 60 mg/m SP 2 sp day 1-5. [Extracted from the article]

Echocardiography after the discontinuation of steroid therapy demonstrated normal biventricular systolic function and no pericardial effusion. B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A 59-year-old man developed cytokine release syndrome (CRS) during treatment with axicabtagene ciloleucel for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL); additionally, he exhibited a lack of efficacy to tocilizumab for CRS [ I routes not sated; not all dosages stated i ]. His serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was elevated to 9.9 mg/dL, serum troponin T was 0.038 ng/mL and brain natriuretic peptide was 323.3 pg/mL. [Extracted from the article]

B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A 34-year-old woman developed Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune-effector-cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) during treatment with CAR-T cell therapy with axicabtagene ciloleuce and lymphodepleting with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma stage IV. Hence, plasma exchange therapy was commenced on day 22 and repeat CSF on day 22 after 7 days of treatment with foscarnet for HHV 6 showed persistent HHV 6 infections. [Extracted from the article]

B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event In an analysis, 5 patients (4 men and 1 woman) aged 18-66 years were described, who developed cytokine release syndrome, sepsis, multiorgan failure or multiviral systemic inflammatory response syndrome following lymphodepletion with fludarabine and cytarabine [ I routes, dosages and durations of treatments to reactions onsets not stated; not all outcomes stated i ]. Patient 7 from the article: A 47-year-old man, who had B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, received 1 dose of unspecified CAR19 T-cell therapy which was preceded by lymphodepletion with fludarabine and cytarabine. However, he died of sepsis and multiorgan failure related to fludarabine and cytarabine at 18 months after the CAR19 T-cell therapy. [Extracted from the article]

It was noted that his neurotoxicity symptoms occurred before dexamethasone was added for cytokine release syndrome treatment. B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event In a study, two men aged 53-70 years were described, who developed immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity (ICANS) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) during treatment with axicabtagene ciloleucel [ I dosages not stated; not all outcomes and durations of treatments to reactions onsets not stated i ]. [Extracted from the article]

He had also been receiving immunosuppressive therapy for kidney transplant consisting of mycophenolate mofetil, which was discontinued at the time of DLBCL diagnosis, tacrolimus was discontinued 2 weeks prior the leukapheresis, and prednisone was continued. Further, they developed cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) during treatment with axicabtagene-ciloleucel for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (r/r DLBCL). [Extracted from the article]

However, the treatment course was remarkable for early onset (within 72h of CAR-T infusion) fevers consistent with grade 1 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) by ASTCT consensus criteria. Her post-treatment course was complicated by a multidrug-resistant I Escherichia coli i (E. coli) urinary tract infection (UTI), requiring hospital admission for antibiotic treatment. [Extracted from the article]