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ABSTRACT Assessment of the functional significance of coronary artery stenoses to guide percutaneous coronary intervention is widely performed using pressure wire fractional flow reserve during adenosine- or adenosine triphosphate-induced hyperemia. However, the use of fractional flow reserve may be limited by the contraindications and adverse effects of this hyperemic stimulus, as well as the potential risk of vessel damage from the pressure wire. This review will discuss alternative evaluation methods, including various hyperemic agents, nonhyperemic pressure ratios, and angiography-based indices.

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: Contrast-induced-acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a potential complication of angiographic procedures. The DyeVert Contrast Reduction system (Osprey Medical, United States) is a device to reduce the concentration of contrast medium (CM) in the kidneys by decreasing the amount of CM delivered to patients. Unlike manual systems, few data are available on the DyeVert Power XT system, which is used in conjunction with automated contrast injection. The main aim of our study was to evaluate its effectiveness during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Methods: Between 2020 and 2022, 101 patients who underwent PCI with the DyeVert Power XT system (case group) were enrolled to evaluate the amount of CM saved through the use of this device, as well as the rate, severity, and predictors of CI-AKI. Patients who underwent PCI without the use of the device (control group) were enrolled to create a matched group allowing assessment of differences in CM and the CI-AKI rate. Results: : In the case group, the amount of CM saved was 114 ± 42 mL, representing an average of 32% of the total CM. Fourteen patients (13.9%) developed CI-AKI. The only independent predictors of CI-AKI were hematocrit (OR, 0.86; 95%CI, 0.74-0.99; P = .04) and ejection fraction (OR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.82-0.95; P = .001). As a result of diversion by the device, the amount of CM delivered was lower in the case group than in controls (252 vs 267 mL; P = .42), but this difference was nonsignificant. Equally, the reduction in CI-AKI (14.3% vs 16.3%) was nonsignificant. Conclusions: Hematocrit and ejection fraction may be more important predictors of CI-AKI than the CM volume normally used during PCI in the general population. The net practical benefit of DyeVert Power XT was low.