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As an important part of the Earth's environmental system, sandy soils are particularly sensitive to changes in the climatic environment. As one of the four major desert regions in China, the MuUs desert has transformed from a desert to an oasis after more than half a century of ecological management. In this paper, we analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of surface albedo, evapotranspiration, and fraction vegetation cover in the MuUs desert based on the Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) product with high spatial and temporal resolution and assessed the relationships between their variability and snow cover, air temperature, and precipitation. It is of great significance to understand the effect of desertification control and climate change after the conversion of land surface types in the MuUs region. The results show that the desertification control in the MuUs area has achieved remarkable results since 1982. The fraction vegetation coverage of the MuUs desert showed a significant increasing trend, with an interannual change rate of 1.32% each decade−1. The surface albedo of MuUs desert decreased significantly. Affected by vegetation and snow cover, it was lower in summer and higher in winter. The evapotranspiration showed a significant upward trend, higher in summer and lower in winter, which is significantly correlated with the changes in surface albedo, air temperature, and vegetation. In addition, the local-scale biophysical effects caused by vegetation change have influenced the climate of the MuUs region, manifested as the increase in precipitation and air temperature. In general, with the support of relevant policies and human construction projects, the overall ecological environment in the MuUs desert is developing in a good way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High Mountain Asia (HMA), with its high altitude, widely distributed snow and frozen soil, influences the climate of the northern hemisphere and even the world through thermal balance and the water vapor cycle and is also an indicator of global climate change. The influence of HMA snow cover on its surrounding areas has always been a research hotspot. Taking the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) of China as an example, this paper analyzes the relationship between winter snow depth in HMA and drought and flood in spring and summer in the YRB in the recent 40 years by using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). The results show that the influence of snow cover on drought and flood in spring is inversely different between eastern and western parts of HMA, while the effect in summer is consistent. When the snow depth is larger (smaller) in the east and smaller (larger) in the west in winter, the YRB is drier (wetter) in spring. When the overall snow depth in HMA is larger (smaller) in winter, the northern part of the middle and lower reaches of the YRB is drier (wetter) in summer. The results provide support for understanding the impact of HMA snow cover on the surrounding climate and some important indicators for drought and flood prediction in the YRB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]