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The paper provides analysis of fuel and energy transition in Lithuanian industry sector and its sustainable development for the period 2005–2013 after the integration of Lithuania into the European Union. Lithuania has limited quantity of indigenous energy sources and was depended from import of energy resources (natural gas, petroleum, hard coal). In 2005–2009 Lithuanian energy dependence from such resources was about 50–62%. About 70–80% of electricity was produced from Lithuanian Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (INPP). In 2009, indigenous and renewable energy sources (RES) comprised 14.7% of gross inland energy consumption. At the end of 2009 INPP was closed and the structure of gross inland fuel and energy consumption changed radically. In 2010–2013 Lithuania׳s energy dependence on the imports of fuel increased to 80–82% and considerably exceeded the EU average 53–54%. The share of RES and indigenous energy resources in 2013 increased to 21.4%. In analysis the structural changes of Lithuanian industry for the period 2005–2013 were carried out. About 21–25% of gross value added belonged to industry sector. The indices of the industrial production and its main composite parts were disclosed. Key attention was directed to energy consumption by main kinds the industrial activities. Energy demand and its changes in industry were examined. RES flows diagram and RES share for industry sector were shown. The final energy consumption by different energy sources and various consumer groups was researched. The greatest Lithuanian industry consumers of natural gas, electricity, heat, hard coal and firewood were examined. Industry progress indicators, energy intensity, labor productivity, emissions of greenhouse gasses and air pollutants were studied. The expenditures of industrial enterprises on environmental protection were assessed. The vision of Lithuanian energy sector operation in compliance with the larger integration in to the EU is foreseen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]