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Abstract: This review paper sets the stage for a look at the Lithuanian (hereinafter LT) transport sector and its transition towards sustainable mobility through the use of biofuels and implementation of the necessary policies to deliver the renewable energy targets. The assessment begins with a brief and reasonably balanced situational analysis of the transport subsectors—road (including ex-fleet vehicle market), off-road, railway, marine, and air—in Lithuania, and their direct relations to the biofuel sector. The paper also aims to examine the dynamics of GHG emissions (N2O, CH4, CO2), air and soil pollution (NO2, SO2, NMWOC, NH3, PM, CO, heavy metals), and related indicators in the whole LT transport sector during the economic transition period (1990–1995), economy growth period (1996–2007) and the first-world debt crisis period (2007–2010). The national biofuels industry has seen plenty of ups and downs over the past decade but have generally good growth prospects. The study found that the CO2 emission is growing recently in Lithuania and this growth could be attributed to almost all transport subsectors. One of the main problems responsible for this situation is the patchy nature of the regulation (there is no governmental decision indicated on setting of national fuel economy/GHG standard), from which most other problems arise. Transport activity has been a key facilitator and driver of economic prosperity in Lithuania and it is likely to continue to grow. It can produce both positive and negative effects on the environment and the quality of life depending on measures at all levels to promote its sustainable development. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The paper provides analysis of fuel and energy transition in Lithuanian industry sector and its sustainable development for the period 2005–2013 after the integration of Lithuania into the European Union. Lithuania has limited quantity of indigenous energy sources and was depended from import of energy resources (natural gas, petroleum, hard coal). In 2005–2009 Lithuanian energy dependence from such resources was about 50–62%. About 70–80% of electricity was produced from Lithuanian Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (INPP). In 2009, indigenous and renewable energy sources (RES) comprised 14.7% of gross inland energy consumption. At the end of 2009 INPP was closed and the structure of gross inland fuel and energy consumption changed radically. In 2010–2013 Lithuania׳s energy dependence on the imports of fuel increased to 80–82% and considerably exceeded the EU average 53–54%. The share of RES and indigenous energy resources in 2013 increased to 21.4%. In analysis the structural changes of Lithuanian industry for the period 2005–2013 were carried out. About 21–25% of gross value added belonged to industry sector. The indices of the industrial production and its main composite parts were disclosed. Key attention was directed to energy consumption by main kinds the industrial activities. Energy demand and its changes in industry were examined. RES flows diagram and RES share for industry sector were shown. The final energy consumption by different energy sources and various consumer groups was researched. The greatest Lithuanian industry consumers of natural gas, electricity, heat, hard coal and firewood were examined. Industry progress indicators, energy intensity, labor productivity, emissions of greenhouse gasses and air pollutants were studied. The expenditures of industrial enterprises on environmental protection were assessed. The vision of Lithuanian energy sector operation in compliance with the larger integration in to the EU is foreseen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]