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Recently China's wind power industry is challenged by many problems such as wind power integration and wind curtailment, which seriously hinders the development of onshore wind power. Since China's policy has a direct and significant influence on wind power industry, it is vital to analyze and evaluate published policies. This paper explores in detail 134 China's onshore wind power policies from 2005 to 2015 so as to provide analytical support for future formulation and implementation of wind power policy. Based on policy summary from equipment manufacturing industry, wind farms and power grid industry, this paper evaluates the policies from the perspective of overall plan, support policy and policy implementation using fitting method, game theory and empirical analysis. The results indicate that China's wind policy is gradually becoming perfected, for example, there are more reasonable objectives and improved support policies. However, many problems remain to be solved, like unreasonable planning, imperfect support policies, immature trading systems and uncoordinated actions among interest related parties. Furthermore, combined with international experiences, suggestions on improving China's wind power policy are proposed from seven aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth of China׳s installed wind power capacity in recent years is closely related to the wind energy policies issued by the Chinese government. Using content analysis and quantitative analysis methods, this paper studies the historical evolution of Chinese wind energy policies. Based on 72 wind energy policies issued in the past two decades (1995–2014), this paper analyzes the issuing organization, form, number and stringency of wind energy policies and compares different policy instruments in two periods. The results show that the number and stringency of wind energy policies fluctuated greatly from 1995 to 2014 and that more than twenty organizations had independently or jointly issued the policies. The main organization issuing wind energy policies, however, is the department that controls key economic and administrative resources and not the one that is in charge of wind energy. Of the 72 policies issued, twenty-three took the form of notices, and eleven were measures. As to the policy instrument, environmental policies are most widely applied by the Chinese government, and “regulation control” and “goal-planning” instruments are the ones most frequently adopted. Furthermore, the application of supply- and demand-type policies is inadequate, and few effective instruments have been adopted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Since 2005, there has been dramatic progress in China''s wind power industry. The annual growth rate of newly constructed capacity reached a miracle of 105% and the total installed capacity has increased from 1.27GW in 2005 to 44.73GW in 2010, which has exceeded the target of China''s energy long-term planning for 2020. During the 11th Five-Year-Plan (FYP), the Chinese government has issued a series of polices to promote and regulate the development of wind power industry, which is the underlying force driving its rapid development. This paper is a systematical review on the current status and policies of wind power industry in China. Firstly the current status including achievements and shortcomings is presented, and then the relevant polices and regulations released during the period of 11th FYP are reviewed. Meanwhile, the main approaches of the policies and regulations in promoting the development of wind power industry are discussed and the issues of the current policies are analyzed. Finally, the paper concludes on the perspectives of wind power policies in China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Wind power is one of the world׳s major renewable energy sources, and its utilization provides an important contribution in helping solve the energy problems of many countries. After nearly 40 years of development, China׳s wind power industry now not only manufactures its own massive six MW turbines but also has the largest capacity in the world with a national output of 50millionMWh in 2010 and set to rise by eight times of that amount by 2020. This paper investigates this development route by analyzing relevant academic literature, statistics, laws and regulations, policies and research and industry reports. The main drivers of the development in the industry are identified as technologies, turbines, wind farm construction, pricing mechanism and government support systems, each of which is also divided into different stages with distinctive features. A systematic review of these aspects provides academics and practitioners with a better understanding of the history of the wind power industry in China and reasons for its rapid development with a view to enhancing progress in wind power development both in China and the world generally. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In addition to providing a review of electricity generation developments in China, this paper features the development of a framework for understanding the socio-political economy influencing electricity market development. It documents and presents a critical evaluation of the social, technological, economic and political forces which influence electricity generation policy in China. The analysis provides insight into why China's electricity generation shopping basket is being filled with both coal and CO2-reduced electricity generation technologies. It concludes that installed capacity of hydro power, wind power, nuclear power and solar PV power will outpace government projections due to inter alia a proclivity on the part of the Chinese government to set conservative (and achievable) targets, waning apathy toward pollution associated with coal-fired power, progressive improvements in grid connection and resilience, increased economic viability of these alternative energy sources and government support for these industries as strategic commercial sectors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Wind power installation in China has increased rapidly since 2004. However, wind power usage remains relatively low resulting in a lot of idle capacity beginning in 2007. In this paper, we determine the main framework of China's current wind power policies and illustrate how these policies led to the rapid installation expansion accompanied by large idle capacity. Building on this, we explore how to alleviate the high installation low wind power usage conflict in China. We establish optimal models to (i) analyze wind power and power grid company behavior; (ii) demonstrate the impact of China's current policies on power and grid companies; and (iii) clarify the causes and mechanisms resulting in high growth and low wind power capacity usage. Our analysis shows that the incentive incompatibility of current policies, which enticed power companies to pursue installation expansion regardless of quality while inhibiting grid companies from improving connectivity, transmission and scheduling technology, is the primary cause for such large-scale idle capacity. The results of our study suggest that the fundamental way to scale up wind power utilization is to enhance policy incentive compatibility, which mainly includes (i) distributing revenues and diversifying risk fairly between power and grid companies; and (ii) motivating power companies to address demand fluctuation actively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: It is highly significant for China to improve its development of wind power. In order to promote the sustainable development, a more comprehensive evaluation of factors affecting the effectiveness of investment in the industry wind power is required to be conducted to formulate a relatively stable policy supporting mechanism for the development of wind power. Based on the green accounting framework, this paper evaluates a typical wind power project from economic, environment and energy alternative respects comprehensively. We simulate the main factors influencing cost and benefit of the wind power investment with the Monte Carlo method. Finally, we discuss how to promote wind power with respect to the concern of government, investors and environmentalists. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With regard to energy conservation and the reduction of emissions, China is dedicated to facilitating the development of renewable energy in order to fulfil its international responsibility. In recent years, the installed wind power capacity in China has increased rapidly due to its large scale and centralization. The high penetration of wind power has brought about a series of problems such as the wind energy utilization and curtailment, auxiliary services and the pricing mechanism. The resolution of these problems needs policies which will provide more support than the current technologies and standards for wind power. This paper takes the evaluation of capability of accepting large-scale wind power in China as its object of study. According to the analysis of such risk factors as the influence of the grid on wind power integration, wind power itself, the market and policy, an evaluation model of the ability of accepting large-scale wind power is established based on risk theory. Then, the estimation of the ability to accept wind power in Gansu Province is used to testify to the effectiveness of this model. Finally, a series of reasonable policies for wind power are proposed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Indian wind energy sector has seen a CAGR of more than 27% during the period 2002–2007. However, the annual capacity additions has been declining for the past 2 years and recently, India lost one place in the Global ranking on total installed wind capacity to China. While issues like unfavourable tariff, non-uniform state policies, unavailability of evacuation infrastructure, etc. can be attributed to the slower pace of capacity addition, the issue of unavailability of on-shore wind sites with sufficiently high wind velocity is expected to take centre stage in the next 2–3 years. Wind sites with low wind velocity make the investment unattractive to developers. Given the current situation, repowering as an investment option, which has already seen favourable response in countries like Germany and Denmark, would start maturing in India. This paper analyzes the present situation of the wind energy in India, evaluates the different wind energy market segments including repowering market, provides financial highlights of the repowering concept and ends with concluding remarks on major triggers which can set this concept in motion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Wind power in China registered a record level of expansion recently, and has doubled its total capacity every year since 2004. Many experts believe that China will be central to the future of the global wind energy market. Consequently, the growth pattern of wind power in China may be crucial to the further development of the global wind market. This paper firstly presented an overview of wind energy potential in China and reviewed the national wind power development course in detail. Based on the installed wind capacity in China over the past 18 years and the technical potential of wind energy resources, the growth pattern was modeled in this study for the purpose of prospect analysis, in order to obtain projections concerning the development potential. The future perspectives of wind energy development in China are predicted and analyzed. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of wind power in China and some insights into the prospects of China''s wind power market, which is emerging as a new superpower in the global wind industry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]