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Abstract: Adequate amount of energy generation in a sustainable manner is a major challenge in the present energy scenario. Fast depleting fossils fuels and their environmental effects forces to look towards renewable sources for sustainable development. Among all renewable sources, small hydropower (SHP) is one of the promising sources for sustainable water and energy development. The geography of India supports the development of small hydro projects to enhance the energy generation. Small hydropower development is also necessary for proper utilization of available water resources. Present study has been carried out to highlight the water resource and small hydropower potential in India. Utilization of small hydropower sources for sustainable development has also been presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A pump can be used as turbine and has good application in micro-hydropower schemes. Pump as turbine (PAT) is one of the best alternatives for fulfilling the energy demands and providing the electricity in remote and rural areas. In this study a review on the work done in the area of pump working as turbine has been explained. Based upon the literature survey, analytical, experimental and computational works on pump as turbine have been discussed. Several methods for predicting the behaviour of pumps in turbine mode have been developed but no method is appropriate for the entire range of specific speeds. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is also used to study the reverse operation of centrifugal pumps, but still results are not yet acceptable. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]