Search

The world has been experiencing natural disasters and man-made attacks on power system networks over the past few decades. These occurrences directly affect electricity infrastructures, thereby resulting in immense economic loss. The electric infrastructure is the backbone and one of the most essential components of human life. Thus, a resilient infrastructure must be constructed to cope with events of high-impact, low-possibility. Moreover, achieving resilience in the active distribution system (ADS) has been a vital research field of planning and operation of electric power systems. The incorporation of recent breakthrough technologies, such as micro- and smart grids, can make the distribution system become considerably resilient through planning-operation activities prior, during, and after an extreme event. This study offers the concepts premised on a systematic review of available literature by distinguishing characteristics between reliability and resiliency. Thereafter, the most relevant proceedings in conformity with an overview of the major blackouts, hardening and its guidelines, weather-related scenarios, taxonomies, and remedial actions are discussed. In addition, this research presents the planning, operational, and planning-operational attributes in response to catastrophes. Furthermore, a case study is conducted to support the review work, where the reliability and resilience of the ADS (IEEE 33-bus test system) are evaluated as performance indices with and without the addition of PV units. The performed research is laying out the importance of the distributed generation, such as PV, in the context of resilience, with the inclusion of different faults. • The importance of resilience in the context of distribution systems is presented. • Distinctions between reliability and resiliency are discussed. • The status of resilience research to date with respect to planning and operation,schemes are thoroughly reviewed. • A case study is presented, considering the importance of DG in active distribution systems on account of resiliency. • Extensive research is needed to enhance the resiliency of the distribution system in the face of an extreme event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Along with the advent of restructuring in power systems, considerable integration of renewable energy resources has motivated the transition of traditional distribution networks (DNs) toward new active ones. In the meanwhile, rapid technology advances have provided great potentials for future bulk utilization of generation units as well as the energy storage (ES) systems in the distribution section. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the operation of active distribution systems (ADSs) from the viewpoint of operational time-hierarchy. To be more specific, this time-hierarchy consists of two stages, and at the first stage of this time-hierarchy, four major economic factors, by which the operation of traditional passive DNs is evolved to new active DNs, are described. Then the second stage of the time-hierarchy refers to technical management and power quality correction of ADSs in terms of static, dynamic and transient periods. In the end, some required modeling and control developments for the optimal operation of ADSs are discussed. As opposed to previous review papers, potential applications of devices in the ADS are investigated considering their operational time-intervals. Since some of the compensating devices, storage units and generating sources may have different applications regarding the time scale of their utilization, this paper considers real scenario system operations in which components of the network are firstly scheduled for the specified period ahead; then their deviations of operating status from reference points are modified during three time-intervals covering static, dynamic and transient periods. Highlights • A survey of operational methods of active distribution systems (ADSs) is presented. • A two-stage time-hierarchy methodology is adopted to categorize recent research. • Day-ahead economic management of ADSs is explored in the first stage. • Static, dynamic and transient operations of ADSs are studied in the second stage. • Modeling and control needs of ADS economic/technical operation are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]