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Wind energy conversion system (WECS) is interfaced with the utility system through power electronic converters which plays an important role in the integration of wind power into the electric grid. The main power quality disturbances due to integration of WECS to grid are variation in power and harmonics. To maintain grid synchronization and to keep total harmonic distortion (THD) within operational limits, appropriate control schemes are required for the grid side converter. The main objective of grid side controller is to control the power delivered to the grid, grid synchronization, to supply high quality power to grid and to meet grid code compliance. In this paper control schemes used in grid interfaced wind energy conversion system for generator side and grid side converter control, are reviewed thoroughly. The paper presents a comparative study of rotor flux oriented control and direct torque control (DTC) techniques applied in generator side converter of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) drives for wind turbine application. For grid side converter, various control schemes are developed mainly based on voltage oriented control (VOC) or on direct power control (DPC). The performance of VOC based control system basically depends on method applied for current control. A comparative study is done among them and findings are tabulated. Integration requirements of wind turbine to grid, grid synchronization and requirement of monitoring unit are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In recent decades, factors such as the worldwide growing concern for pollution induced climate changes, increasingly stringent emission norms for vehicles and depleting petroleum resources coupled with volatility in their prices have motivated and accelerated development of sustainable and clean alternatives for transportation systems. Electrification of vehicular technology (EVT) is considered as a promising and sustainable alternative for future transportation systems. In evolution of EVT, instability of fuel price, fuel economy, range, performance and costs are the governing factors and prime concerns for researchers, auto manufacturers and customers. These factors are decided by the design of the electric propulsion system (EPS) for vehicular application and its suitable integration with various electrical and mechanical components. In this paper, a comparative overview of EVT along with a comprehensive analysis of EPS and a brief discussion on power flow control and management algorithms for EVT is presented. The paper also highlights the ongoing technological advancements and future challenges in the roadmap of EPS for the electrification of vehicular technology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The issue of renewable energy is becoming significant due to increasing power demand, instability of the rising oil prices and environmental problems. Among the various renewable energy sources, fuel cell is gaining more popularity due to their higher efficiency, cleanliness and cost-effective supply of power demanded by the consumers. This paper presents a comprehensive review of different fuel cell technologies with their working principle, advantages, disadvantages and suitability of applications for residential/grid-connected system, transportation, industries and commercial applications. Development of mathematical model of fuel cell required for simulation study is discussed. This paper also focuses on the necessity of a suitable power-conditioning unit required to interface the fuel cell system with standalone/grid applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]