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This paper uses panel data on renewable energy in China. Thus, the current analysis fills the gaps by examining the relationship between green technology innovation and renewable energy and CO 2 emissions from 1990 to 2018. The current study examines all concerns connected to panel data analysis with advanced panel estimators, such as cross-sectional dependence, stationarity, variation in slope parameters, and structural break. Our findings show that test results reveal that green technology innovation and renewable energy have a negative and considerable influence on CO2 emissions in the long run. Moreover, the short-run relationship of green technology innovation, on the other hand, is not significant—as evidenced by the findings of robustness tests such as AMG and CCEMG. Other empirical results revealed that GTI, REN and NEN significantly reduced local CO 2 emission, while POP and PI had no obvious reduction effects on CO 2 emissions. Different GTIs had the same spatial "symbiotic effects" on CO 2 emission reduction in the short term, showing positive spatial spillover reduction effects. Lastly, we conclude that the use of green technology innovation has positive externalities. Some policies to assist green innovation technologies and renewable energy resources have been suggested for the Chinese government to enact. • This paper uses panel data on renewable energy in China. • The current study examines all concerns connected to panel data analysis with advanced panel estimators. • The short-run relationship of green technology innovation is not significant. • We conclude that the use of green technology innovation has positive externalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Although hydropower and thermal power constitute the two pillars of China's power supply, the relationship between them has always been a controversial topic. Based on the panel data of China's provincial level covering the period 1991–2015, this paper tried to reveal the relationship between hydropower and thermal power under the framework of autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model. Taking the panel unit root and panel cointegration tests as the premise, the PMG estimators implemented under the maximum likelihood method provide unbiased results for this paper. Collectively, In the long run, China's hydropower and thermal power complement each other in ensuring a stable power supply, whereas in the short run, they are competitive to a certain extent, even if factors such as precipitation, grid infrastructure and economic conditions are taken into account. The Granger causality test further reveals the one-way relationship between hydropower and thermal power in short run. That is, thermal power is dominant while hydropower is subordinate and passive, giving an empirical interpretation for the specific phenomenon that discarded water from hydropower plants in China during seasonal water-rich period which has been seriously concerned by policymakers and researchers and appeal for impartial dispatching mechanism. Highlights • Cointegration exists between hydropower and thermal power. • The PMG estimator is employed for panel ECM. • In long run, a 1% increase of thermal power increases 0.5% of hydropower. • The short-term structure exhibits dominant thermal power and subordinate hydropower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a renewable energy, wind energy plays a momentous role in improving energy structure and maintaining energy strategic security. Based on the provincial level panel data, this paper not only explores the direct effect of price-oriented policy (POP) and quantity-oriented policy (QOP) on newly installed wind power capacity (NI), but also investigates the indirect impact paths and mechanisms through learning-by-researching (LBS) and learning-by-doing (LBD). Main results are as follows: (1) From the national perspective, it is observed that the two policies can directly promote the expansion of wind power, and POP is better than QOP. (2) From the perspective of regional heterogeneity, POP plays a significant direct role in promoting the wind power growth in the eastern, central and western regions, and QOP has achieved a long-term success in the eastern region, but fails in the central and western regions in the long run. (3) From the perspective of resource endowment heterogeneity, QOP plays a better direct role than POP in areas with rich wind resources, but the opposite is true that in the areas with relatively poor wind resources. Based on the research results, several constructive suggestions are put forward. • The direct effect of price-oriented policy and quantity-oriented policy was explored. • The indirect impact paths and mechanisms was explored. • Learning by researching and learning by doing was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]