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Considering sustainable development, technology selection is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem that influences the advantages of enterprises or a country. This paper investigates existing wave energy technologies as alternatives to green and sustainable technologies to apply them in the seas and oceans. A framework is presented, and major technologies to extract wave energy are identified. Each technology has been examined in scopes of strategic factors, availability, technical knowledge, technological features, economic, social, and environmental factors as the main criteria. Totally, 20 converters and 52 criteria are considered. The Caspian Sea is considered as a case, and a decision matrix is established by integrating the gathered data and the experts' opinions. By integrating the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE) method, Pelamis is considered the most appropriate technology to harvest wave energy in the Caspian Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing power to rural communities, which are far from the grid and suffer from lack of energy access in Africa, especially in Benin, in a sustainable manner requires the adoption of appropriate technology. This paper aims at analysing the techno-economic feasibility of hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for sustainable rural electrification in Benin, using a case study of Fouay village. HOMER software is used to perform optimization, simulation and sensitivity analysis. The analysis showed that hybrid solar photovoltaics (PV)/diesel generator (DG)/battery (of 150 kW/62.5 kVA/637 kWh) is the least cost optimal system. This system ensures a reliable power supply, reduces battery requirements by 70% compared to PV/battery system and achieves 97% CO 2 emissions reduction compared to a conventional DG. Moreover, the study demonstrated that the most economical HRES depends strongly on the potential energy sources available at a location and power plant's remoteness from the beneficiary. In summary, as solar radiation is an abundant resource across the country, this hybrid PV/DG/battery system can be a suitable model to power remote areas in Benin, and we recommend it for future electrification projects in the country in place of the current widely deployed PV/battery system. • PV/DG/battery is the least costly system with a COE of $0.207/kWh. • HRES (PV/DG/battery) reduces battery storage requirements by 70%. • PV/DG/battery system has a short payback period of 3.45 years and a high IRR of 33.3%. • The robustness of the system is discussed by performing the sensitivity analysis. • Optimised HRES (PV/DG/battery) is economically more viable than grid extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]