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Objective:Epidemiologic, pathophysiologic, and genetic data suggest a close link between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type 2 diabetes. Previous studies yielded controversial results on the impact of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1) gene variations on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we examined two common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of this gene in women with GDM.Methods:We assesed a total of 875 women by oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT). Two hundred women of this population, 100 patients with an abnormal OGTT and 100 normal controls, were randomly slected. DNA samples isolated from the blood of the control and study groups were analyzed with respect to the SNP Gly482Ser and Thr394Thr of the PGC-1 gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and restriction analysis. Furthermore, a potential interaction between the Gly482Ser and the Thr394Thr variant on the risk of GDM was investigated.Results:Women with GDM were significantly older (32.2 ± 5.5 years vs 29.7 ± 6.1 years; P = .005), had higher body mass indices (BMI; 28.0 ± 7.1 kg/m2 vs 25.0 ± 5.7 kg/m2; p = .002) and displayed higher memoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values (5.6 ± 0.9 vs 4.9 vs 4.9 ± 0.5; P <.001). There was no significant difference between the allele distribution of the two polymorphisms in women with and without GDM. No significant associations between the two polymorphisms and BMI or OGTT values were observed. When the different haplotype combinations of the two loci were analyzed for the risk of GDM, on significant association could be found.Conclusion:Based on our data, the Gly-482Ser and the Thr394Thr polymorphisms of the PGC-1 gene are not associated with the development of GDM. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective:To compare the nuchal translucency (NT) thickness at 11-14 weeks of gestation in women who will later develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with that of women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) in the second trimester of pregnancy.Methods:Four hundred sixty-four women underwent NT screening at 11-14 weeks of gestation according to the standards of the Fetal Medicine Foundation. They all underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between 24 and 28 weeks.Results:Women with GDM (n = 135) were significantly older (34.0 years [±4.8] vs 29.4 years [±5.2]; P < .001), had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI) (28.2 kg/m2 [±6.0] vs 24.4 [±5.0]; P <.001), and had a significantly higehr serum concentration of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at the time of the NT measurement (5.38% [± 0.6] vs 4.95% [±0.4]; P < .001] than women with NGT (n = 329). There is no significant difference in the NT measurement at 11 to 14 weeks of gestation between women with GDM and NGT after correction for crown rump length (CRL) (r = -.08, P = .45). We performed multiple linear regression analysis with NT as the dependent variable, and BMI, maternal age, CRL, and GDM/NGT as independent variables. CRL (P <.001) was significantly related to the NT measurement, whereas GDM/NGT, BMI, and maternal age were not.Conclusion:As no significant difference in the NT measurement between women with GDM and NGT was observed, the risk estimation for chromosomal abnormality derived from the maternal age and NT measurement can also be used in women with glucose disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective:To study the prevalence and association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the cervix of pregnant women without visible signs of genital HPV infection undergoing cesarean delivery in the third trimester and to investigate a possible HPV transmission to the fetus.Methods:All women underwent cesarean delivery between 37 and 40 weeks of gestation. Cervical samples were taken prior to cesarean delivery. Furthermore, amniotic fluid, placental tissue, and cord blood were sampled and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or Hybrid Capture II test (Digene Corp, Beltsville, MD) was performed to detect HPV DNA.Results:We found that 56 (36.6%) of 153 women were positive for HPV in the cervix. Logistic regression analyses showed a decrease of prevalence of HPV infection with increasing maternal age (P = .02). No HPV DNA could be detected in the amniotic fluid or cord blood, whereas eight placental specimens were positive for HPV DNA.Conclusion:The infection rate in women without clinical symptoms of HPV infection is high, but there was no HPV found in the amniotic fluid and in cord blood in women with subclinical infection in the third trimester. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]