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Designing photocatalysts to remove organic pollutants are of great significance in the environmental field. Herein, BiOCl/C/g-C3N4 photocatalyst was synthesized with biochar, BiOCl, and g-C3N4. Biochar was first used as an electronic medium to accelerate charge carrier separation. Moreover, the formation of the built-in electric field between BiOCl and g-C3N4 interface inhibits the electron–hole recombination during the photocatalytic process. The characterization results show that the Z-scheme heterojunction structure was successfully prepared. The BiOCl(0.5)C(0.03)g-C3N4(0.97) photocatalyst had up to 96.9% degradation of phenol under mercury lamp irradiation. The rate constant of the photodegradation reaction process is 0.38706 h−1, which is 2.1 times that of pure BiOCl. And photocatalyst has satisfactory stability, which a three-cycle retention rate was 97.6%. In addition, the reaction mechanism was studied, and the photogenerated carrier transferring pathways of BiOCl/C/g-C3N4 Z-scheme photocatalysts were proposed. The photocatalyst offers new ideas for the Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]