SUMMARY Until recently, “residential childcare” in North America was, for a variety of reasons, more likely to be seen as part of the “problem” as opposed to the “solution” for most child and family problems. Thus, the development of residential care theory, innovative practices and research all languished as the spotlight of interest focused on such “newer” service developments as “intensive family preservation services,” “treatment foster care,” and “wrap-around services.” As Corbillon (1993) notes, the neglect, in particular, of an integrated set of research priorities for residential childcare is a problem for at least some European countries (France) as well. Recently, the spectre of children orphaned by AIDS, the somewhat disappointing research results from family based service initiatives and the challenges posed by children and youth who present multiple problems including serious emotional disturbance, substance abuse, and a history of violence have worked to stimulate a renewed interest in resid...