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Researchers from Xinxiang Medical University in Henan, China, conducted a study on ozone-induced lung injury in mice. The study found that exposure to ozone can disrupt lipid metabolism balance through the PPAR signaling pathway, leading to lung cell ferroptosis and exacerbating lung injury. The research, supported by the Science and Technology Program of Henan province, highlights the need to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying respiratory illnesses caused by ozone exposure. The findings suggest a potential link between ozone pollution and lung damage, emphasizing the importance of further research in this area. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the development of a novel model called EWCAVIT for classifying respiratory diseases, specifically pneumonia, from chest X-ray (CXR) scans. The model utilizes an ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), a Spatial and Channel Attention block, and a Visual Transformer to extract local and global features from the images. The study reports that the EWCAVIT model achieved a high accuracy of 93.6% on the test set, demonstrating its effectiveness in pneumonia detection. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the impact of rare genetic variants on the survival of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). It highlights the association between rare pathogenic variants in telomere-related genes and poorer clinical outcomes in IPF patients. The study found that carriers of qualifying variants (QVs) in monogenic adult-onset PF genes had lower polygenic risk scores (PRS) for IPF and shorter survival, suggesting a potential distinct molecular subtype of IPF. Further research on QVs and PRS-IPF could aid in predicting disease progression among IPF patients. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the role of Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score and Sonopulmonary Infection Score in diagnosing and predicting outcomes of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in Respiratory Intensive Care Units (RICU). It explains the classification scheme for pneumonia in UK NHS hospitals based on the setting of infection acquisition and the different causative pathogens and treatment strategies for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), and VAP. The clinical trial NCT06640374, conducted by Assiut University, aims to study the diagnosis and outcomes of VAP in RICU patients using these scores. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses accelerated biological aging in Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis (FPF) and its potential connection to telomere attrition. Researchers measured DNAge in blood samples from FPF patients and first-degree relatives at risk for FPF, finding increased DNAge compared to chronological age. This accelerated aging was observed independently of genetic rare variants in telomerase pathway genes or telomere length, suggesting it could be an independent risk factor for FPF development. The preprint has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers have submitted a patent application for "Connectors For Dual Plunger Syringes" to address complications in lung biopsy procedures, such as pneumothorax. The patent aims to improve component delivery systems by ensuring proper mixing of materials in dual barrel syringes. The application includes detailed descriptions of the system's components and alignment fixtures to aid users in synchronizing the pistons for effective delivery. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued for methods, apparatuses, and systems for aspirating airways by the University of Texas System. The patent addresses the need for a lightweight, compact, efficient, and reliable portable suction alternative for combat medics and civilian EMS providers. The invention includes a centrifugal pump, a storage canister, a suction tube, and a handle, providing a solution for clearing airways of patients with conditions such as tracheobronchial injuries and asphyxiation from airway obstruction. The apparatus is designed to be portable, effective, and rugged, addressing the shortcomings of existing portable suction devices in the market. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Duke University School of Medicine have developed a framework for an electronic clinical decision support tool (eCDST) to improve the management of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in low-resource settings. The tool aims to accurately diagnose LRTI and reduce unnecessary antibacterial use, particularly in low- or middle-income countries facing challenges in distinguishing between bacterial and viral LRTIs. The study draws upon the team's experience in developing an eCDST for LRTI management in Sri Lanka, emphasizing the importance of sharing processes and data to enhance clinical care in similar settings. The research was published in The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, highlighting the potential impact of such tools on global healthcare practices. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Medical University of Lodz explored the potential link between circadian clock dysregulation and depression in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The study involved 184 individuals and found that dysregulated circadian clock gene expression in OSA patients may be associated with greater severity of depressive symptoms. The research suggests that circadian disruption could be a contributing factor to affective symptoms in OSA patients. For more information, the study "Circadian clock dysregulation: a potential mechanism of depression in obstructive sleep apnea patients" can be accessed in Translational Psychiatry. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai explores the connection between pediatric environmental exposures, asthma, and executive function in children. The research suggests that there are synergistic links between asthma and executive function deficits, potentially influenced by the pediatric exposome. This narrative review highlights the bidirectional relationship between environmental exposures, asthma, and executive function in children, emphasizing the need for further research in this area. The study was funded by the National Institute of Child Health And Human Development and published in Frontiers in Public Health. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Lanzhou University in China conducted a study comparing the effects of sevoflurane and propofol on rats with induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) undergoing venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) treatment. The study found that sevoflurane was more effective in improving oxygenation and reducing inflammatory response compared to propofol in the rat models. This research was funded by various organizations and has been peer-reviewed, providing valuable insights into potential treatments for lung injury. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Washington University have conducted a study on the murine parainfluenza virus and its persistence in lung innate immune cells, leading to chronic lung pathology. The research found that viral protein and RNA can persist in lung macrophages, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, and dendritic cells long after the virus is cleared, contributing to chronic lung diseases like asthma. Targeted ablation of infected cells was shown to significantly improve chronic lung disease outcomes. This peer-reviewed study sheds light on the impact of persistent viral infections on the development of chronic respiratory conditions. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Kansas examined the impact of antibiotic initiation timing on in-hospital mortality in trauma patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP). The research found that survivors had antibiotics initiated in a more delayed fashion compared to non-survivors. These findings suggest that early antibiotic administration for suspected infection may not be necessary in all cases. The study was published in The American Surgeon and has been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from the Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology in Berlin, Germany, highlights the management of busulfan-induced lung injury in pediatric patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. The study describes successful treatment of acute pulmonary injury in two children, emphasizing the importance of prompt diagnosis and intervention. The research suggests monitoring therapeutic busulfan drug levels and identifying patients at risk for drug overdosing to reduce the risk of toxicities. For more information, the full article is available in the Journal of Clinical Medicine. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona explores the use of polymeric nanocarriers for efficient drug delivery in cases of acute lung injury. The research highlights the challenges in treating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the potential of nanocarriers to overcome barriers in drug delivery to the lungs. The study demonstrates that poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanocapsules loaded with human serum albumin can be effectively delivered to the lungs through nebulization, showing promising results in preclinical models of acute lung injury. This research offers insights into innovative approaches for noninvasive pulmonary drug delivery, potentially improving treatment outcomes for ARDS patients. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have explored the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and viral respiratory infections in children, highlighting the bidirectional interplay between the two conditions. The study emphasizes the impact of severe viral infections as a risk factor for pediatric OSA, primarily caused by hypertrophy of upper airway lymphoid tissues. The findings underscore the need for ongoing monitoring and innovative primary prevention strategies to address these interconnected health issues. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at St Antonius Hospital in the Netherlands focused on Advance Care Planning (ACP) in patients with interstitial lung diseases. The research found that while elements of ACP were recorded in most cases, there was a lack of structured implementation of ACP in patient care. The study highlighted the need for healthcare professionals to engage in ACP conversations and document patient preferences more comprehensively to improve patient care. For more information, the full article can be accessed in the American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Capital Medical University focused on the prognostic implications of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with unstable angina (UA) based on remnant cholesterol (RC) and triglyceride (TG) levels. The study found that OSA was associated with a worse prognosis in UA patients with high RC or high TG levels, highlighting the importance of identifying OSA in this population. The research, funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Cs Optimizing Antithrombotic Research Fund, underscores the need for further investigation into the interaction between OSA, RC, and TG on cardiovascular outcomes in UA patients. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Toho University Sakura Medical Center conducted a study on the prognostic value of myositis-specific antibodies (MSA) in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). They found that detecting MSA in patients with interstitial lung disease could help predict prognosis and guide treatment decisions. The study revealed that certain MSA subtypes, such as PL-7 and PL-12, were independent predictors of survival time and time to acute exacerbation in patients with IIP. This research provides valuable insights into the potential use of MSA in managing interstitial lung disease. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Ghent University have conducted a study on bronchiectasis, a chronic airway disease characterized by inflammation and colonization of the lungs by pro-inflammatory pathogens. The study identified the genus Aggregatibacter as more abundant in patients with lower levels of airway inflammatory markers in two CAD cohorts. In vitro testing revealed that Aggregatibacter spp. exerted anti-inflammatory activity without affecting host cell viability, suggesting that they may help reduce airway inflammation in CAD patients. The research was supported by various organizations and can be accessed through Respiratory Research. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Tepecik Research and Training Hospital in Izmir, Turkey, focused on developing a new screening tool for severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The study, which included 149 patients with sleep apnea symptoms, created the obstructive sleep apnea morphologic scale (OSAMS) based on anthropometric and morphological characteristics. The results showed that OSAMS had superior accuracy in identifying patients with severe OSA compared to existing questionnaires, offering a practical approach for screening based on physical examinations. This research provides a potential alternative for screening patients with severe OSA, emphasizing the importance of accurate and efficient screening methods for this prevalent condition. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Chi Mei Medical Center in Tainan, Taiwan, explored the effectiveness of abdominal sandbag training in enhancing diaphragm muscle function and exercise tolerance in patients with chronic respiratory failure. The study involved a 3-month daily pulmonary rehabilitation program with progressive sandbag loading on the upper abdomen as a form of diaphragmatic resistant exercise. Results showed significant improvements in ventilation-related parameters, diaphragm characteristics, and the rate of ventilator detachment in the training group compared to the control group. The research suggests that abdominal sandbag training may benefit patients dependent on a ventilator by improving diaphragm muscle function and facilitating withdrawal from ventilation. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, focused on pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and the role of circulating heparan sulfate (HS) profiles in the condition. The study aimed to examine the relationship between plasma indices of HS degradation and protein biomarkers of endothelial injury in children with ARDS. Through the analysis of patient subgroups, the researchers identified distinct profiles of HS degradation that may serve as emerging mechanistic biomarkers of endothelial injury and disease severity in pediatric ARDS. The findings suggest that highly sulfated HS fragments could play a crucial role in understanding and managing ARDS in pediatric patients. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Cairo University focused on the impact of continuous inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in children with asthma. The study included 48 pediatric asthma patients aged 2 to 15 years who had been using ICS for at least 6 months. The results showed no significant difference in HbA1c levels among asthmatic children using ICS after six months of treatment, regardless of the type or dose of ICS used. The researchers recommended regular monitoring of HbA1c levels, especially for children on high doses or prolonged use of inhaled Fluticasone. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University focused on the impact of ulcerative colitis on the progression of pneumonia. The research found that neutrophils with targeted nuclear degranulation from the intestinal mucosa migrate to the lungs, exacerbating lung inflammation during pulmonary infections in patients with ulcerative colitis. This study sheds light on potential treatment targets for lung infections in individuals with colitis. For more information, the full article can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1093/pcmedi/pbae028. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Cantonal Hospital in Switzerland focused on the diagnosis and treatment of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). The research aimed to assess adherence to guidelines and identify factors contributing to delayed anticoagulation initiation in PE patients. The study found areas for improvement in diagnostic workup, risk assessment, performance of complementary leg ultrasounds, and follow-up management, despite generally high standards of PE management at the hospital. The findings suggest the need for enhanced protocols and practices in managing PE cases. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted in Koblenz, Germany, focused on evaluating the use of virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) from photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) to distinguish between severe lung injury and atelectasis in polytraumatized patients. The study found that VMIs at 40-50 keV provided superior contrast and visual discriminability, with the optimal injury-to-atelectasis contrast-to-noise ratio observed at 40 keV. The research concluded that PCD-CT with VMI imaging can significantly improve the discriminability between severely injured and atelectatic lung areas in thoracic trauma cases. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Vanderbilt University School of Medicine focused on identifying transcriptomic biomarkers associated with microbial detections and disease severity in children hospitalized with pneumonia. The research utilized whole blood ribonucleic acid sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes that distinguished between viral-only, bacterial-only, and atypical bacterial detections, as well as levels of pneumonia severity. The study concluded that these identified genes could potentially serve as diagnostic and prognostic tools for childhood pneumonia. The full article can be accessed in The Journal of Infectious Diseases, published by Oxford University Press. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University have highlighted the challenges in diagnosing asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Russia. They emphasize the importance of improving diagnostic and control measures through educational activities, instrumental examinations, mobile outreach offices, and medical information systems. By incorporating digital technologies into medical practice, the quality of care can be enhanced, leading to better patient outcomes and reduced risks of complications. The study underscores the significance of modern approaches and validated questionnaires in enhancing the quality of life for patients with respiratory diseases. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine conducted a study on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) patients. The study found differences in the respiratory microbiota and serum metabolites between COPD and AECOPD patients, with AECOPD patients showing lower microbial diversity and changes in microbial community structure and function during exacerbations. The research suggests that the onset of AECOPD may be related to energy and amino acid metabolism disorders, particularly alanine metabolism. This study provides valuable insights into the potential role of microbiota and metabolites in COPD exacerbations. [Extracted from the article]

Recent research from the University of Central Florida highlights the importance of preventing non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia, a preventable infection that contributes to hospital deaths. The study focused on a 90-year-old woman who developed pneumonia during her hospitalization, with shifts in oral bacterial colonization playing a role in the infection. The findings underscore the need for consistent oral care, early physical activity, and measures to reduce aspiration risk in hospitalized patients to prevent such infections. Further research is recommended to assess oral health and bacterial shifts during hospital stays to better understand the risk factors for non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia. [Extracted from the article]

A recent case report from the Medical University of Innsbruck highlights a rare occurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a 13-year-old boy with a history of esophageal atresia and corrective surgery. The patient presented with respiratory distress and chronic complications, ultimately leading to a diagnosis of advanced ESCC. The study emphasizes the importance of considering the possibility of squamous cell carcinoma in adolescents with a history of corrective surgery for esophageal atresia and chronic infections. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, investigated the spatial patterns of heavy metals in topsoil and their potential impact on asthma in the Western Salt Lake Valley. The study found elevated concentrations of arsenic, copper, lead, and zinc in topsoils near the Bingham Canyon Copper Mine, with arsenic posing the greatest concern for human health. While the study suggested a potential link between heavy metal contamination and asthma outcomes, further research is needed to establish causal relationships and explore other sources of soil contamination. For more information, the full article can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.3390/environments11100223. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Tanta University in Egypt compared the efficacy of ultrasound-guided tru-cut needle pleural biopsy to medical thoracoscopy in diagnosing unexplained exudative pleural effusion. The research found that ultrasound-guided needle biopsy was accurate, safe, cost-effective, and had shorter duration with fewer complications compared to medical thoracoscopy. The study involved 40 patients and concluded that ultrasound-guided needle biopsy is a valuable tool in diagnosing pleural effusion after failed pleural fluid analysis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from Washington University School of Medicine focused on the management of neonatal pulmonary embolism, a rare condition that can lead to serious complications. The case report highlighted the challenges in diagnosing and treating unprovoked pulmonary embolism in infants, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and multidisciplinary care. The research underscores the need for guidelines to support clinicians in managing critically ill patients with pulmonary emboli, especially in cases where no identifiable risk factors are present. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Louisville examined the association between the MeMed BV Test and radiographic pneumonia in children. The research found that children with a high likelihood of bacterial infection on the BV test had higher odds of radiographic pneumonia. Clinical outcomes, aside from antibiotic use, did not significantly differ based on the BV test results. This study provides valuable insights into the use of the MeMed BV Test in diagnosing pneumonia in pediatric patients. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Columbia University explores the unique challenges adolescents face in managing asthma. The research highlights cognitive and psychosocial changes that impact asthma self-management, such as independence from caregivers and reliance on peers. The study offers insights for healthcare professionals to effectively support adolescents with asthma in becoming self-managers. This peer-reviewed research provides valuable information for improving asthma control in this age group. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted in Istanbul, Turkey, investigated the effectiveness of different types of nasal sprays in adult patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). The study included 1700 patients who were assigned to three groups receiving different nasal sprays. Results showed that the groups using hypertonic nasal sprays experienced improvements in symptom scores and quality of life, suggesting that these sprays may enhance standard AR treatment. The research was supported by The Clinical Research Organization in Turkey and was published in the Ear, Nose & Throat Journal. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the University of Diyala explored the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using a green Eichhornia crassipes extract method. The research found that these nanoparticles exhibited significant antibacterial properties against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria at micromolar concentrations. The study concluded that these zinc oxide nanoparticles could potentially open up new avenues for antibacterial agent research due to their stability, biocompatibility, and non-toxic nature. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted in Wuhan, China, by the Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention examined the association between major metal elements in whole blood and the risk of recurrent pneumonia in children under 36 months of age. The study found that children with recurrent pneumonia had lower blood calcium levels but higher copper concentrations and ratios of magnesium/calcium and copper/zinc. These ratios were identified as potential predictors of recurrent pneumonia in young children. The research suggests that monitoring these metal elements in children's blood could help in the prevention and control of recurrent pneumonia. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Hunan Normal University in Changsha, People's Republic of China, explored the role of genetic and inflammatory predictors, specifically VDR and CaSR genotypes, in assessing the risk and management of asthma. The study compared genotype distributions, demographic data, lung function parameters, vitamin D levels, and immune and inflammatory markers between asthma patients and healthy controls. Findings suggested that specific genotypes, family history, and biomarker levels could serve as significant risk factors for asthma, highlighting the potential diagnostic value of VDR and CaSR genotypes in assessing genetic predisposition and disease severity. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from the Department of Internal Medicine examined the prognostic value of soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1) and soluble programmed death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The research found that levels of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 were upregulated in patients with severe TBI, particularly in those who developed severe pneumonia and did not survive. The study suggests that these biomarkers could potentially be used to predict outcomes such as severe pneumonia and mortality in severe TBI patients. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Vanderbilt University Medical Center focused on pediatric clinical influenza disease from 2015 to 2020, specifically examining the differences in severity and clinical presentation among different influenza types and subtypes. The research found that children with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and asthma had increased odds of hospital admission and more severe disease compared to other influenza types. The study concluded that influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 caused more severe disease than influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B, and asthma was a contributing factor to severe influenza disease across all subtypes. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in Iran compared the effects of two surfactant administration methods, Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy (MIST) and Intubation (INSURE), in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome. The research found that the MIST method resulted in lower need for mechanical ventilation, shorter duration of CPAP and oxygen therapy, and less incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) compared to the INSURE method. However, surfactant reflux was more common in the MIST group. The study concluded that MIST is a feasible, effective, and low-risk alternative to the INSURE method for surfactant therapy in premature infants. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Kunming Medical University in Yunnan province, China, compared the prevalence of asthma and the economic burden on rural adult residents in 2011 and 2021. The study found that while the prevalence of asthma remained similar between the two years, the economic burden on asthma sufferers significantly increased in 2021. The economic burden varied based on the socioeconomic position of the individuals. This research provides valuable insights for the prevention and treatment of asthma in rural populations. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from the University of Alberta explores the interplay between chronic lung diseases and viral infections, emphasizing the bidirectional nature of their interactions. The research highlights how pre-existing lung conditions can increase vulnerability to viral infections, which, in turn, worsen the clinical course of lung diseases. The study underscores the importance of preventive measures such as vaccination, early detection, and targeted therapies to improve patient management and reduce the burden of chronic lung diseases exacerbated by viral infections. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Peking Union Medical College Hospital in Beijing, China, published a case report on a 20-year-old woman with constrictive bronchiolitis and paraneoplastic pemphigus caused by unicentric Castleman disease. The patient underwent lung transplantation after surgical resection of the pelvic mass, leading to significant improvement in lung function. Timely diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are crucial for enhancing outcomes in such rare and life-threatening cases. The study highlights the importance of comprehensive care in treating complex respiratory conditions. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital in Nigeria examined the impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on children's cardiovascular health. The research found that children with OSA had a higher prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy, abnormal left ventricular geometric patterns, and diastolic dysfunction compared to healthy controls. The study highlights the importance of monitoring cardiovascular health in children with OSA. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Benha University conducted a study to evaluate the effectiveness of Interleukin 36 gamma (IL-36g) as a diagnostic marker for differentiating between malignant and infectious pleural effusions. The study involved 100 patients with pleural effusion and found that IL-36g levels were higher in tuberculous pleural effusion compared to malignant, transudative, and uncomplicated pleural effusion. The research concluded that IL-36g is a novel biomarker that can be used to diagnose and differentiate malignant pleural effusion from infectious pleural effusion. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Ocean University of China have focused on asthma, a chronic airway inflammation that is a global public health concern. They found that nobiletin, a compound from traditional Chinese medicine, alleviates asthma symptoms by targeting PDE4B and activating the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway. This study provides insights into the anti-asthmatic effects of nobiletin and its potential as a novel treatment for asthma. The research was funded by the Special Funds of Shandong Province and the Development Program of Shandong Province. [Extracted from the article]