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Scimitar syndrome is a rare condition characterized by partial or complete anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the lung to the inferior vena cava, right lung hypoplasia and dextroposition of the heart. Haemoptysis is uncommon in adults, although the clinical spectrum is wide. We report a case of a 38-year-old male with scimitar syndrome who had low grade haemoptysis persisting over several years secondary to bronchiectatic changes in his hypoplastic right lung. Conservative measures to manage haemoptysis were unsuccessful and the patient proceeded to bronchial artery embolization. The post-procedure course was complicated by lung infarction and the patient ultimately required pneumonectomy. Deformities of the blood vessels and lungs are complex in scimitar syndrome. Bronchial artery embolization should be approached cautiously to protect pulmonary perfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Bronchial artery embolization is a feasible option for treating hemoptysis caused by foreign objects in patients who are not candidates for surgery.

Abstract Scimitar syndrome is a rare condition characterized by partial or complete anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the lung to the inferior vena cava, right lung hypoplasia and dextroposition of the heart. Haemoptysis is uncommon in adults, although the clinical spectrum is wide. We report a case of a 38‐year‐old male with scimitar syndrome who had low grade haemoptysis persisting over several years secondary to bronchiectatic changes in his hypoplastic right lung. Conservative measures to manage haemoptysis were unsuccessful and the patient proceeded to bronchial artery embolization. The post‐procedure course was complicated by lung infarction and the patient ultimately required pneumonectomy. Deformities of the blood vessels and lungs are complex in scimitar syndrome. Bronchial artery embolization should be approached cautiously to protect pulmonary perfusion.

A 64‐year‐old man presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of epigastric pain that improved with vomiting. He was initially treated for gastrointestinal disease, but computed tomography (CT) showed a mediastinal haematoma and contrast‐enhanced CT and bronchial arteriography showed a bronchial aneurysm. Bronchial artery aneurysm is a rare but potentially life‐threatening condition that can lead to haemorrhagic shock if it ruptures. Patients with bronchial aneurysms may present with symptoms similar to that of gastrointestinal diseases owing to increased pressure in the mediastinum caused by mediastinal haematoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A 64‐year‐old man presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of epigastric pain that improved with vomiting. He was initially treated for gastrointestinal disease, but computed tomography (CT) showed a mediastinal haematoma and contrast‐enhanced CT and bronchial arteriography showed a bronchial aneurysm. Bronchial artery aneurysm is a rare but potentially life‐threatening condition that can lead to haemorrhagic shock if it ruptures. Patients with bronchial aneurysms may present with symptoms similar to that of gastrointestinal diseases owing to increased pressure in the mediastinum caused by mediastinal haematoma.

Bronchial artery embolization is a feasible option for treating hemoptysis caused by foreign objects in patients who are not candidates for surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary lung cancer (PLC) presents with various symptoms. However, there have been no reports of PLC causing haemothorax and haemoptysis simultaneously. We present an unusual case of massive haemothorax and haemoptysis caused by a PLC, in which haemostasis was secured with interventional radiology. A 58‐year‐old woman was hospitalized for a right secondary pneumothorax associated with emphysema. Chest computed tomography showed a mass shadow at the right lower lobe and on the right parietal pleura. Three days after air drainage, about 2000 mL of bloody pleural effusion accompanied by massive haemoptysis was observed. Haemoglobin concentration decreased to 4.9 g/dL and the patient was treated with selective embolization of the bronchial artery and the intercostal arteries. A diagnosis of PLC was made based on pleural fluid cytology. The patient was transferred to the palliative care hospital three months later without recurrence of haemothorax and haemoptysis.

Herein, we report two cases of erratic coil migration from the bronchial artery to the bronchus after bronchial artery embolization (BAE). Neither patient exhibited haemoptysis recurrence, but chest radiographs revealed that part of the coil had disappeared. In Case 1, the patient coughed up the coil 4.5 years after BAE. We performed repeat BAE to minimize the possibility of haemoptysis considering bronchoscopic and angiographic findings. In Case 2, the patient had severe dry cough 2 years after BAE. Chest radiography showed migrated coils in the trachea; bronchoscopy revealed a migrated fragment of the coil protruding from the elevated mucosa. We used a loop cutter to split the coil and then removed it using forceps. Coil migration to the bronchus is an infrequent late‐stage complication of super‐selective bronchial artery coil embolization, and only one other case has been reported. Accordingly, we propose treatment strategies and speculate on the mechanism of fistula formation.

Herein, we report two cases of erratic coil migration from the bronchial artery to the bronchus after bronchial artery embolization (BAE). Neither patient exhibited haemoptysis recurrence, but chest radiographs revealed that part of the coil had disappeared. In Case 1, the patient coughed up the coil 4.5 years after BAE. We performed repeat BAE to minimize the possibility of haemoptysis considering bronchoscopic and angiographic findings. In Case 2, the patient had severe dry cough 2 years after BAE. Chest radiography showed migrated coils in the trachea; bronchoscopy revealed a migrated fragment of the coil protruding from the elevated mucosa. We used a loop cutter to split the coil and then removed it using forceps. Coil migration to the bronchus is an infrequent late‐stage complication of super‐selective bronchial artery coil embolization, and only one other case has been reported. Accordingly, we propose treatment strategies and speculate on the mechanism of fistula formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]