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The discovery of HIV-1 as the cause of AIDS was one of the major scientific achievements during the last century. Here the events leading to this discovery are reviewed with particular attention to priority and actual contributions by those involved. Since I would argue that discovering HIV was dependent on the previous discovery of the first human retrovirus HTLV-I, the history of this discovery is also re-examined. The first human retroviruses (HTLV-I) was first reported by Robert C. Gallo and coworkers in 1980 and reconfirmed by Yorio Hinuma and coworkers in 1981. These discoveries were in turn dependent on the previous discovery by Gallo and coworkers in 1976 of interleukin 2 or T-cell growth factor as it was called then. HTLV-II was described by Gallo's group in 1982. A human retrovirus distinct from HTLV-I and HTLV-II in that it was shown to have the morphology of a lentivirus was in my mind described for the first time by Luc Montagnier in an oral presentation at Cold Spring Harbor in September of 1983. This virus was isolated from a patient with lymphadenopathy using the protocol previously described for HTLV by Gallo. The first peer reviewed paper by Montagnier's group of such a retrovirus, isolated from two siblings of whom one with AIDS, appeared in Lancet in April of 1984. However, the proof that a new human retrovirus (HIV-1) was the cause of AIDS was first established in four publications by Gallo's group in the May 4th issue of Science in 1984. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Dynamics of dendritic cells and T cells in the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)- associated neuroinflammatory disease: implications in immunomodulatory therapies and diagnostic tools," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Analysis of the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Gag assembly pathway by biophysical fluorescence," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Potential interference of HTLV-1 HBZ protein with the DNA damage response pathway," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled," Kinetics and intracellular compartmentalization of the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) gene expression," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"NF-kB hyper-activation by the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax induces cellular senescence, but can be alleviated by the viral anti-sense protein HBZ," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"17beta-estradiol (E2) abrogated osteolysis induced by HTLV-1 Env protein in vivo," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Opposite affect of Valproate on Tax and HBZ expression in T-lymphocytes from the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) asymptomatic carriers and HAM/TSP patients," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Imaging and microarray analyses of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax ," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"The tumor marker Fascin is strongly induced by Tax of the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) through NF-kB signals in T lymphocytes," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Transformation of human embryonic stem cells by the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"A specificity map for the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax/PDZ interactions," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Pattern mRNA expression similarities between Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)patients and patients coinfected with the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) HTLV-I-Strongyolides stercoralis," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Physical and functional interaction between the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax oncoprotein and the cellular LIM domain protein Four and a Half Lim domain protein 3 (FHL3)," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Regulation of AP-1 activity by the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 2 (HTLV-2) APH-2 protein," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"The human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) oncoprotein Tax promotes persistent NF-kB activation by blocking the phosphorylation of the adaptor molecule TAX1BP," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Localization and sub-cellular shuttling of the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax with the RNAi machinery component Drosha," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"MicroRNA expression in the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection and pathogenesis ," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Coordination of the canonical and noncanonical IKK/NF-kB signaling pathways in the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Taxmediated tumorigenesis," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled "Development of a Model of HTLV-1 Oral Transmission in the Rabbit," by Robyn Haines, Rebeccah Urbiztondo, Rashade Haynes, Stefan Niewiesk and Michael Lairmore is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled "HTLV-1-Infected HIS Rag2-/- gamma c-/- Mice, a Suitable Model for In-Vivo Investigating the Effects of Drugs in ATL Treatment?" by Julien Villaudy, Anne Cachat, Sandrine Alais, Hiba El Hajj and others is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled "Altered CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio in Splenocytes of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type I Tax Transgenic Mice With Inflammatory Arthropathy," presented by Takeo Ohsugi and Toshio Kumasaka is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled "HTLV-1 Propels Thymic Human T-Cell Development in "Human Immune System" Rag2-/- IL-2R gamma c-/- Mice" presented by Nicolas Gadot, Louis Gazzolo, Julien Villaudy, Jean-Yves Scoazec and others is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled "HTLV-1 bZIP Factor Induces Systemic Inflammations in Vivo," by Nanae Taguchi, Yorifumi Satou, Koichi Ohshima, Masao Matsuoka is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled " Activation of HTLV-1 Expression in Chronically-Infected CD4+ T cells: Mechanisms and Implications for Pathogenesis," by Alison Swaims, Hsin-Ching Lin, Peter Simon, Celine Granier, Yingyu Zhang, Arthur Roberts and Satish Devadas is presented.