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Background Phase 1 HIV vaccine trials are conducted among HIVuninfected, healthy volunteers at low risk for HIV. Study volunteers are counseled to maintain low risk behavior for HIV acquisition. The objective of this study was to assess sexual behavior of volunteers in a Phase 1 vaccine trial, conducted in Kigali, Rwanda. Methods Concordant HIV-negative couples who were counseled and tested together were considered as low risk group for HIV acquisition and were invited to participate in Phase 1 HIV vaccine trial to evaluate safety and immunogenicity of a multiclade HIV-1 DNA plasmid vaccine followed by a recombinant, multiclade HIV-1 adenoviral vector vaccine (IAVI V001). HIV risk reduction counseling, assessment of sexual behavior and screening for sexually transmitted infections (STI) were conducted quarterly. After completion of the vaccine trial, participants and their partners were invited to participate in a long-term 5-year follow-up study from their last vaccination for further assessment of sexual behavior and continuous risk reduction counseling. Results

Background Condom remains one of the most effective means of HIV prevention in the absence of proven, safe and effective vaccine. Nigeria has a surveillance system that monitors HIV trend among most-at-risk populations. Female sex workers (FSW) have the highest HIV prevalence compared to other groups. Since the ultimate goal is to prevent new infection, there is a need to evaluate condom use among FSW and the lessons will be vital for future HIV vaccine trial.

favor participation included: male OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.2- 1.9 and age ≤ 40 years OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.9. abstracts - A single PDF containing all abstracts in this Supplement is available here . http://www. biomedcentral.co m/content/pdf/14 71-2105-10-S12-i nfo.pdf

Background Worldwide, many adolescents, especially women, acquire HIV before age 18. Yet to date, no HIV vaccine trials have enrolled adolescents. Reasons for excluding adolescents from these trials include regulations protecting vulnerable subjects and concerns regarding informed consent, social harms, adverse events, and loss to follow-up.

Background We previously demonstrated that vaccination of lactating rhesus monkeys with a DNA prime/ vector boost strategy induces strong SIV-specific cellular immune responses, but limited Envelope-specific humoral responses in breast milk. Therefore, we sought to improve vaccine-elicited Envelope-specific antibody responses in the milk compartment by using a transmitted/founder (T/F) HIV Envelope immunogen in a prime-boost strategy modeled after that of the moderately-successful RV144 HIV vaccine trial. Methods

Background MSM are at a high risk of HIV. Due to their risk, they are potential population for HIV vaccine trials. Nigeria conducted 2010 Integrated Biological Behavioral Surveillance Survey (IBBSS) among the high risk groups. Unfortunately, MSM had the second highest HIV prevalence after female sex workers, and some with female partners. Thus, HIV prevention among MSM is of great national importance. This study evaluates predictors of their risky behavior which will be useful in enrolling them for future HIV vaccine trials. Methods

Address: 1DAIDS/VRP, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA, 2Perinatal HIV Research Unit and University of Witwatersrand, Soweto, South Africa, 3Aurum Institute for Health Research, and University of Cape Town, Klerksdorp, South Africa, 4Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Cape Town, South Africa, 5Medunsa Clinical Research Unit (MeCRU), Medunsa, South Africa, 6Centre for the AIDS Programme for Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa, 7Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, FHCRC, Seattle, WA, USA, 8Medunsa Clinical Research Unit (MeCRU), Medunsa, South Africa and 9HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA * Corresponding author