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Methods Following the initial 12 challenges, 5 uninfected rhesus were monitored for one year, boosted with 1x10 pfu of MVA/SIV239, and re-challenged 6 months later with 12 weekly rectal doses of SIVE660. The resulting four uninfected macaques were held an additional 6 months and challenged with 12 weekly rectal doses of SIV251. Avidity of Env-specific IgG was determined using a NaSCN elution ELISA. Per exposure efficacy was estimated using a leaky effects model.

Methods Three groups of rhesus macaques, eight per group, were studied. The Dryvax-naive and Dryvax-immune groups received the DNA/MVA SIV vaccine (DNA at weeks 0 and 8, and rMVA at weeks 16 and 24). In addition, the Dryvaximmune group received the Dryvax vaccine 1.5 years prior to the DNA prime. The control group did not receive any vaccine. All macaques were challenged intrarectally with SIV251 at 9 months after the final MVA.