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Recently, the solid phase extraction technology has received considerable attention considering serious environmental problems and much more contaminants present in the samples at trace level that is different to be analyzed. During the whole process of analyzing sample, the preconcentration of sample is the most complicated and significant step, which typically spend much time, affecting the analysis efficiency and accuracy of results to a large extent. Obviously, the sample pretreatment has become an obstacle that prevents us from improving analysis efficiency. If this problem cannot be resolved, the overall efficiency of analytical work will not be enhanced, even using the advanced analysis devices. As a result, increasing the success rate of sample pretreatment is especially necessary. Now, this review mainly represents the current development of solid phase extraction from the following aspects: (1) the type of adsorbent, including organic, polymer materials; (2) the different mode of separation, such as solid phase extraction, molecule imprinting solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, dispersive solid phase extraction, matrix solid phase dispersion, magnetic solid phase extraction, microchip solid phase extraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, immunoaffinity solid phase extraction, monolith solid phase extraction; (3) the practical applications of various solid phase extraction methods are also have been described in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Column is the most critical part of the chromatographic separation. Monolithic column is a novel chromatographic column. The development of monolithic column significantly affects the development of chromatographic analysis. Monolithic column possesses high column efficiency and can reduce the analysis time as the permeability efficiency improves. Especially in protein separation, the superior and unique porous structure of monolithic column could enhance the permeability of proteins separation and improve separation efficiency. Recently, monolithic columns are developing rapidly due to their fascinating properties and enormous application. In this paper, recent development and application of monolithic columns are reviewed, which will deepen people's understanding of this field and have profound implications for future design of high-efficiency monolithic column. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research on polymer membranes for gas separation has surprisingly blossomed during recent decades. Many modification techniques have been developed to improve the separation properties of polymermembranes. In this review, we give a systematic summary of the main aspect of polymeric gas separation membranes related to their physical and chemical modification, and propose perspectives for the future developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]