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Start Over Descriptor "Plant population" Journal revista brasileira de milho e sorgo
8 results on '"Plant population"'

1. TILLERING AND PROLIFICACyAS STABILIZING TRAITS TO MAIZE GRAIN yIELD AT DIFFERENT DENSITIES

Author

LUÍS SANGOI, CLEBER SCHWEITZER, AMAURI SCHMITT, GILMAR JOSÉ PICOLI JR, VITOR PAULO VARGAS, JEFFERSON VIEIRA, EDUARDO SIEGA, and GIOVANI CARNIEL

Subjects
leaf area, tillering, plant population, second ear, Zea mays, Plant culture, SB1-1110, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

The identification of mechanisms that increase the number of ears produced per plant can minimize losses in maize grain yield caused by low plant populations. This study was carried out aiming to evaluate if tillering and prolificacy are effective traits to stabilize maize grain yield at different plant populations. The trial was set in Lages, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, during the growing season of 2007/08. Four plant densities (2.5; 5.0; 7.5 and 10.0 pl m-2) and three maize hybrids (P30F53 - tillering; AG9020 - prolific; AS1570, scarce tillering and low prolificacy) were tested. The leaf area index of hybrids at flowering increased linearly from 2.6 to 6.9 with the increase in plant population. Grain yield ranged from 10,750 to 13,740 kg ha-1 and increased quadratically with the increment in plant population. P30F53 was more productive than AG9020 at the density of 5.0 pl m-2. There was no difference on hybrids grain yield at the other plant populations. The higher tillering ability of P30F53 and prolificacy of AG9020 did not provide them yield advantages, in comparison to AS1570, when maize was grown at the lowest plant population. The regular distribution of pluvial precipitation and the favorable soil and management conditions attenuated yield losses caused by low plant populations, reducingthe importance of tillering and prolificacy as productivity stabilizing traits at sub-optimal stands.

Published
2010

2. CHARACTERIZATION OF OFF-SEASON MAIZE CROPPING SYSTEM OF HIGH PRODUCTIVITY IN 2008 AND 2009

Author

JOSÉ CARLOS CRUZ, GUSTAVO HENRIQUE DA SILVA, ISRAEL ALEXANDRE PEREIRA FILHO, MIGUEL MARQUES GONTIJO NETO, and PAULO CÉSAR MAGALHÃES

Subjects
Zea mays, cropping systems, plant population, row spacing, planting season, Plant culture, SB1-1110, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

Off-season maize is the rainfed crop cultivated from January through April, after the summer crop, generally early soybean, in the south-central region of Brazil. In order to characterize the production systems of high productivity of off-season maize, data were collected regarding 1138 farms which obtained productivity above 5000 kg.ha-1, spread out in the Midwest states, São Paulo and Paraná. Although some grain yields were found above 8000 kg ha-1, in all main producer states farms presenting yield between 5000 and 7000kg ha-1 were more frequent. In these farms predominates the use of simple hybrids with early cycle; conducted in no till planting system with corn sown after soybean. Approximately 81% of the off-season maize with high yields was sown in February, although there is a variation according to the producer state. In São Paulo and Paraná states predominates the conventional row spacing, meanwhile in the states of Midwest region the reduced spacing is more used, especially in Goiás. Plant population ranged from 45 to 65 thousand plants per hectare, being more frequent populations with 51 to 55 thousand plants per hectare. Around 90% of farm crops received chemical treatment with fungicides for disease control. The number of insecticide applications ranged from zero till four applications, being more frequent two or three applications.

Published
2010

3. SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF CORN YIELD DUE TO MACRONUTRIENTS AND PLANT POPULATION

Author

JOSÉ PAULO MOLIN, PEDRO ABEL VIEIRA JUNIOR, DURVAL DOURADO NETO, and GUSTAVO DI CHIACCHIO FAULIN

Subjects
Zea mays, management zones, precision farming, plant population, nutrients, Plant culture, SB1-1110, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

It is important to consider agricultural production with emphasis on sustainability and it is fundamental to consider spatial and temporal variability of yield factors and conduct crop managements under this variability. The objective of the present study was to define management zones in an experimental field cultivated with corn considering the spatial variability of macronutrients and saturation of bases on the soil and their interactions with grain yield and population of normal plants. Soil data was derived from grid sampling, plant population was collected on the same grid, yield was obtained from yield monitor on the whole area and geostatistics tools were used for analysis. Results allowed estimating the levels of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and saturation of bases in the soil and establishing management zones for soil fertility based on the population of normal plants and grain yield, considering that the population of normal plants resulted in more effect on grain yield than the soil elementsanalyzed.

Published
2007

4. INTERCEPTATION OF PHOTOSSINTETIC ACTIVE RADIATION AND GRAIN YIELD OF MAIZE UNDER HIGH PLANT DENSITY

Author

ROBÉLIO LEANDRO MARCHÃO, EDWARD MADUREIRA BRASIL, and PAULO ALCANFOR XIMENES

Subjects
Maize canopy, plant population, row spacing, light attenuation, Plant culture, SB1-1110, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the behavior of light attenuation (PAR) in maize hybrids, cultivated under different population densities in narrow row spacing (0,45 m). An experiment was installed to evaluate six hybrids (A 2555, A 2288, AG 9010, AG 6690, P 30F88 and Valent), cultivated in five plant densities (40, 53, 71, 84 and 97 thousand plants for hectare), in Goiânia, Goiás state, in the growing season 2002/2003. The experimental design was randomized blocks with split plot, arranged in a 6x5 factorial with four replicates. The interceptation of photossintetic active radiation was evaluated measuring photon flux density: above the canopy, in the height of the ear, and in soil surface. The results showed a positive correlation between grain yield and light attenuation. The increment on plant density in narrow row spacing resulted in a greater absorption of PAR, and consequently enhancements in grain yield. In these conditions, the results also showed that the light attenuation on maize canopy occurs in the superior part of the canopy, above the ear height.

Published
2006

5. FORECAST OF THE POPULATION AND SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT OF MAIZE DUE TO CANOPY ARCHITECTURE AND CROP LOCALIZATION

Author

PEDRO ABEL VIEIRA JUNIOR, DURVAL DOURADO NETO, MARCOS SILVEIRA BERNARDES, PAULO AUGUSTO MANFRON, ARNO KRENZINGER, and CARLOS RODRIGUES PEREIRA

Subjects
Zea mays, plant population, canopy architecture, foliar index, Plant culture, SB1-1110, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

The plant population and space distribution in maize are important for theinterception of solar radiation, which is very important to the yield. Radiation interceptionis consequence of the latitude, the day of the year, the hour of the day and foliar angle.There was no methodology for estimating the best plant population and space distributionconsidering the canopy architecture, being both obtained through experimentation infield. There was neither methodology for estimating the foliar angle which maximizesthe radiation interception. The purpose of this paper was to propose equations andmethodologies for estimating the plant population and space distribution consideringthe canopy architecture, as well as foliar angles that maximize the interception of the radiation in consequence of the latitude and the day of the year. The methodology describedshould be validated by the comparison of the yield of cultivar with different canopyarchitectures grown in different latitudes and periods of the year.

Published
2005

6. Produtividade de Sorgo Sacarino em Função de Populações de Plantas e de Épocas de Corte

Author

Renzo Garcia Von Pinho, Luiz Paulo Miranda Pires, Ivan Vilela Andrade Fiorini, Luiz Antonio Yanes Bernardo Júnior, Ewerton Lelys Resende, Iran Dias Borges, and Álvaro De Oliveira Santos

Subjects
Horticulture, education.field_of_study, Brix, biology, Harvest time, Population, Sorghum bicolor, General Medicine, Cultivar, Sorghum, biology.organism_classification, education, Plant population
Abstract

RESUMO – Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da populacao de plantas e epoca de corte sobre a producao de sorgo sacarino. O experimento foi instalado em novembro de 2012, em Lavras–MG. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com 3 repeticoes, em esquema fatorial 4x4 (4 populacoes: 70, 100, 130 e 160 mil plantas ha-1; 4 epocas de corte: 0 dias apos o florescimento (DAF), 10 DAF, 20 DAF e maturidade fisiologica aos 40 DAF. A partir da analise do caldo sacarino da cultivar BRS 506, foram avaliadas as caracteristicas industriais: volume de caldo (VC), solidos soluveis totais (obrix), acucares redutores totais (ART) e toneladas de brix por hectare (TBH). O aumento das populacoes propicia o maior VC e nao afetou as demais variaveis. As caracteristicas industriais sao influenciadas pelas epocas de corte. O brix e a ART apresentaram crescimento linear com o aumento do periodo apos o florescimento para o corte de plantas. A maior produtividade (VC e TBH) foi obtida proxima aos 17 e 14 DAF, respectivamente, favorecendo maior producao de etanol nesses estadios. Palavras-chaves: sorghum bicolor, brix, biocombustivel. EFFECT OF PLANT POPULATION AND HARVEST TIME ON SORGHUM SACCHARINE YIELD ABSTRACT- The present work aimed to evaluate the sorghum saccharine cultivar BRS 506 regarding industrial characteristics related to yield and production of ethanol related to plant population and harvest time. The experiment was carried out in November 2012, in Lavras – MG. A randomized blocks experimental design was used, with three replications, in a 4x4 factorial scheme [4 populations: 70, 100, 130 and 160 thousands plants per hectare; 4 cutting seasons according to flowering: 0 days after flowering (DAF), 10 DAF, 20 DAF and physiological maturity 40 DAF]. Industrial characteristics such as juice volume (JV), total soluble solid (0brix), total reducing sugars (TRS) and tones of brix per hectare (TBH) were evaluated after the analysis of saccharine juice of the BRS 506. Increased population provided higher JV. The industrial characteristics were affected by the period of cutting. The cutting at 40 DAF provided the highest 0brix and TRS. JV and TBH reached the highest values at 17 and 14 DAF, respectively, periods showing the highest production of ethanol. Key words: Sorghum bicolor, production of ethanol, brix, biofuel.

Published
2016

7. PRODUÇÃO DE MILHO FORRAGEM SOB DIFERENTES DENSIDADES DE CULTIVO E ÉPOCAS DE COLHEITA

Author

Guilherme Serpa Maciel, Murilo Klosovski Carneiro, Luan Lucas Reinehr, Lucas G. Ghizzi, Cecília Aparecida Spada, Mikael Neumann, and Julio Cezar Heker Junior

Subjects
Neutral Detergent Fiber, Horticulture, Split plot, Dry weight, Chemistry, Harvest time, Plant composition, Dry matter, General Medicine, Zea mays, Plant population
Abstract

RESUMO - O experimento teve como objetivo avaliar a producao de biomassa, a composicao fisica e quimica da planta de milho para forragem. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos inteiramente casualizados com arranjo fatorial de tratamentos com esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo. O hibrido foi cultivado em cinco densidades de semeadura (80, 160, 240, 320 e 400 mil plantas ha-1) e colhido em cinco epocas (40, 50, 60, 70 e 80 dias apos a emergencia). Foram avaliados a composicao percentual das estruturas anatomicas da planta pela segmentacao dos componentes colmo e folhas e o potencial produtivo de biomassa verde e de biomassa seca (kg ha-1). O aumento da densidade populacional afetou a distribuicao dos componentes da materia seca total das folhas em detrimento do colmo. As variaveis avaliadas apresentaram diferenca significativa para o fator epoca de colheita, havendo diminuicao linear na relacao folha colmo (fo/co), teor de proteina bruta (% PB) e de minerais (cinzas) e aumento no teor de materia seca da planta inteira, folha e colmo (% MS), producao de materia seca total (kg de MS ha-1), teor de fibra em detergente neutro (% FDN), teor de fibra em detergente acido (% FDA) e dos nutrientes digestiveis totais (% NDT). O milho forragem apresenta-se como uma tecnica de grande potencial de producao de materia seca, fonte de fibra de alta qualidade para ruminantes com rapido ciclo de crescimento, independentemente da densidade testada, com possibilidade da manipulacao da composicao bromatologica em funcao da epoca de corte variando de 40 a 80 dias apos a emergencia. Palavras-chave: Zea mays L, composicao bromatologica, forragem, producao de biomassa. CORN FORRAGE PRODUCTION, CULTIVATED IN DIFFERENT PLANTING DENSITIES ABSTRACT - The experiment has the objective to evaluate biomass production and the physical and chemical of plant composition, as forage. The experimental design was randomized complete block split plot. The hybrid was grown in five seeding densities (80; 160; 240; 320 and 400 thousand plants ha-1) and harvested in five times (40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 days after emergence). The anatomical structure composition by segmentation of stem and leaf and the productive potential of biomass produce were evaluated. The increase in plant population affected the distribution of the components of total dry mass with an increase in leaf against the stem. All measured response variables showed a significant difference to the harvest time factor, with linear decrease proportion between leaf and stem (fo/co), crude protein (%CP), and minerals (ash) and increase of dry matter in biomass, leaf and stem (%DM), total production of nature matter (kg of MN ha-1), total production of dry matter (kg of MS ha-1), neutral detergent fiber (%NDF), acid detergent fiber (%ADF) and total digestible nutrients (%TDN). The forage corn can be a technique of great potential dry matter production, highly fiber quality for ruminants, rapid growth cycle, regardless of tested density, with possibility of manipulation of composition bromatological, according to the cutting time ranging from 40 to 80 days after emergence. Keywords: Zea mays L, bromatological composition, forage, biomass production.

Published
2017

8. QUALIDADE NA COLHEITA MECANIZADA DE MILHO SEMEADO EM DIFERENTES VELOCIDADES

Author

Antonio Tassio Santana Ormond, Murilo Aparecido Voltarelli, Elizabeth Haruna Kazama, Carlos Eduardo Angeli Furlani, Rouverson Pereira da Silva, Aline Spaggiari Alcântara, and Carla Segatto Strini Paixão

Subjects
Horticulture, Soil preparation, Plant density, Random points, General Medicine, Plant population, Mathematics
Abstract

RESUMO - As perdas na colheita podem estar relacionadas tanto a colhedora, como também a fatores ligados a cultura como: mau preparo do solo, densidade de plantas, inadequação da época de semeadura são alguns deles. O presente estudo objetivou determinar a influência da velocidade de semeadura no processo de colheita mecanizada de milho, por meio do controle de qualidade do processo. O experimento foi conduzido em Latossolo Vermelho, textura argilosa e relevo suave ondulado. O delineamento foi baseado na óptica do Controle Estatístico de ProcessoCEP, onde os dados foram coletados em pontos aleatórios em função do tempo. Os indicadores de qualidade avaliados foram divididos em parâmetros de semeadura (população de plantas e distribuição longitudinal de plântulas); e de colheita (Perdas de grãos e distribuição de palha) em função de seis velocidades de deslocamento (aproximadamente 2,0; 4,0; 6,0; 9,0; 10,0 e 12,0 Km.h-1). Os dados foram submetidos a análise descritiva para análise do comportamento. Como ferramentas do controle estatístico de processo utilizou-se, run charts ou gráfico sequencial e carta de controle de valores individuais para análise da qualidade do processo. A maior velocidade (V6) apresentou a maior variabilidade dos dados para todas as variáveis. A operação da colheita mecanizada de milho foi influenciada por fatores extrínsecos e intrínsecos a ela.Palavras-chave: Controle estatístico de processo, espaçamentos normais, perdas, população de plantas.QUALITY IN MECHANIZED HARVEST OF CORN SOWN IN DIFFERENT SPEEDSABSTRACT - The harvest losses may be associated to harvester as well as factors related to cultivation such as poor soil preparation, plant density, unsuitable sowing time. This study aimed to determine the effect of speed sowing in the mechanized harvest of corn, through the control of the quality of the process. The experiment was conducted in a clayey Oxisol and undulate relief. The design was based on the optics of the Statistical Process Control SPC, and the data were collected at random points in function of time. The quality indicators evaluated were divided into sowing parameters (plant population and longitudinal distribution of seedlings) and harvesting (loss of grain and straw distribution) in function of six displacement speeds (approximately 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 9.0, 10.0 and 12.0 Km.h-1). The data were submitted to descriptive analysis for behavior analysis. As tools for the statistical control of the process, run charts or sequential graph were used, and control chart of individual values for analysis of the quality of the process. The highest speed (V6) showed the highest variability of the data for all variables. The operation of mechanized harvest of corn was influenced by extrinsic and intrinsic factors.Keywords: statistical process control, normal spacings, losses, plant population.

Published
2016

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