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The gypsum mineral is the most common sulfated ore existing in nature – its chemical formula is CaSO4.2H2O – which has been formed by the evaporation of ocean water during million years. In Cuba there are three gypsum mineral deposits where gypsum beta hemihydrates are mainly produced. Itis used in construction works and modeling and in cement production. This paper aims at doing a chemical and physical characterization of gypsum mineral existing in the mines located in the region Canasi in Matanzas province with the view to assessing its use for obtaining gypsum alpha hemihydrates for special uses, which are deficit products imported at high cost in the country. For this characterization to be carried out at laboratory and industrial scale, the research field was divided into several areas for assessing individual purities –enabling to mix one another in a way that meet the required quality of the product in a determined temperature range. The mine has a great potential for obtaining special gypsum that meet all international quality standards which would allow the country to substitute imports and to fully meet national requirements by building a valuable export. The research proved the gypsum from this mine to be especially fast by nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since distant times gypsum has coexisted alongside with the humanity and it is one of the oldest building materials. It is also used in decoration works, medicine and light industry. The quality of gypsum products manufactured with high technology in other countries makes of gypsum a valuable material due to its cost-effective production. Although Cuba has this prized resource, there are not short-term investment plans in sight, thus there are not real perspectives for its exploitation. In this paper, the current national status of gypsum production is analyzed and the potentialities and development of the material are assessed. The implementation of cutting-edge technologies would definitely help achieve high-quality productions so as to build a worldwide competitive gypsum industry. It has been proven that gypsum mineral extracted from Matanzas mines can be used to manufacture all gypsum types: construction, modeling and special gypsums. Thus, special gypsum import could be replaced by a national raw material and the growing needs of the potential tourist industry would be met. This product is in demand in health care system as dental and orthopedic plaster and in agriculture as soil neutralizing fertilizer. The country would have an opportunity for competition in the international market where special gypsum is in high demand. Such productions would have great impact in the domestic economy by contributing to obtain new export rubles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the main results obtained from the wastewater behavior analysis in the National Center for Scientific Research Company. For this, the information of the analytical results issued by the accredited Laboratory "Group of Management of Technical Scientific Services-DECA" (according to the NC-ISO/IEC 17025:2017), was collected and analyzed, referring to the characterization of wastewater that are generated in the center, considering a period of 15 years of sustained work. The investigation considered two stages, an initial one in stable conditions of the activities of the institution and a second one, in which new discharges generated from the diversification of the productive processes and their impact on the environment are introduced. In addition, it took into account the legal framework protected by current Cuban regulations on wastewater discharges. The study allowed characterizing the liquid waste, not only from the physical-chemical point of view, but also from its biodegradability, the organic load disposed to the sewage system and its contribution to the community treatment system. In this way, the baseline is identified and established from which the behavior evaluation of discharges originating from the incorporation of new lines of production or services will be maintained, due to the reorganization of the enterprise towards sustainable marketing, with the control of compliance with environmental regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crude oil is a highly complex natural mixture consisting predominantly of hydrocarbons [alkanes (paraffins), alkenes (olefins), and aromatic compounds] and other elements such as sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen. In Cuba, work is being done on the exploitation of new oilfields deposits in the Northern Cuban Oil Belt. The goal of this paper is to characterize the crude oils from the point of Reservoir Geochemistry, using the high-resolution gas chromatography technique and the study of the physicochemical properties, in samples from six oil wells from the western sector of the Varadero oilfield. The fingerprints of the crude oil were obtained, the star diagrams were constructed to establish the possibilities of communication between the wells, from the ratios between compounds. The main results obtained show the existence of better communication between wells VW1003 and VW1007 with a difference of 1.91%, with the rest of the wells studied behaving differently. In addition, the physicochemical properties of the oils were studied, the results of which show that they are extra-heavy oils, with high content of sulfur and asphaltenes and. These properties show the similarity in their commercial quality with the crude oil discovered in the other blocks of the Varadero field, characterized by heavy, extra-heavy, highly sulfurous crude oils, belonging to Family I of Cuban crude oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Victor von Richter (1841-1891) was one of the important chemists of the second half of the 19th century. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Richter and his writing activities, in particular with his chemistry textbooks for higher education, well-known in different countries. In addition, his research activities is briefly described, and especially the chemical reactions named after him. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Johan Gadolin (1760-1852), considered the father of Finnish chemistry, was one of the leading chemists of the second half of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century. His life and scientific achievements were described in the literature published between the 19th and 21st centuries. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Gadolin and his research activities, in particular some of his research results, as well as his selected publications. In addition, the names of authors of biographical notes or biographies about Gadolin, published in 1839-2017 are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction steel of oil facilities manifests different affectations for corrosion phenomenon. One of the main causes constitutes for corrosion is the presence of the accompanying water of the petroleum. The one mentioned corrosive medium it is conductive of the electric current and for their varied composition: carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and chlorides in dissolution, they generate inside corrosion. As a result of this process, they corrosion products are formed such as: iron sulphide (II) and iron carbonate (II) in dependence of the operation conditions: temperature, the corrosive agent's concentration and pressure. In the present paper the fundamental objective was to establish at laboratory scale the chemical and morphology composition of the corrosion products that are formed during the construction pipelines steel corrosion, in a saline polluted medium with carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide to 70°C, according at operation conditions. The spectroscopy dispersive of rays X energy technique allowed the obtaining the elementary composition of the chemical compounds and bay rays X diffraction were detected iron oxihydroxides: lepidocrocite (- FeOOH) and goethite (- FeOOH) . The Scanning Electron Microscopy identified different morphologies: lengthened cubes, splinter, floral structure, muddy or cracked sedimentary and sandy, those that are composed mainly by iron and oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unsaturated fatty acids (FA) are degraded generating a high number of compounds, hence the study of this phenomenon resulting from high complexity. From the Cuban royal palm fruits, a lipid extract mainly compound by a mixture of free FA between 8 and 18 carbon atoms, with possible applications as nutraceutic and/or medicine is obtained. In this mixture, the presence of unsaturated FA like oleic and linoleic, could provoke autoxidation processes that affect their efficacy and safety. Taking to account that autoxidation products from R. regia lipid extract are unknown until now, in this paper its degradation products formed by oxidation, photolysis and thermolysis were determined. The organoleptic characteristics, peroxide (PV) and tiobarbituric acid values (TBAV), and contents of conjugated dienes (CD) and FA contents were determined in samples of the extract subjected to oxidation (hydrogen peroxide), photolysis (UV light) and thermolysis (80 °C and 185 °C), and their results were compared with those of a sample without degradation. It was determined that the oxidation was the one that caused the biggest degradation in the unsaturated FA, as well as the biggest PV, while the thermolysis went the one that bore to bigger contents of TBAV and CD. The above-mentioned evidences that the imposed stress conditions achieved the degradation of the extract, in a similar way that its happens in the vegetable oils with low contents of polyunsaturated FA, achieving preliminarily determine, so the main groups of compounds generated from the forced degradation of Roystonea regia lipid extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's competitive world, organizations are called to work effectively to find quick and efficient solutions. Integrated Management Systems (IMS), are pillars to support the urgent need to improve the competitiveness of enterprises and their demonstrated ability, through certification and / or accreditation to provide effective solutions to the most pressing problems of society. While there is profuse literature that studies the subject of integration; practical applications for environmental research are scarce. This paper presents a model of IMS, based on the NC standards ISO / IEC 17025: 2006 and NC-ISO 9001: 2008 for a research división on environmental sciences in biocubafarma. The GIS model designed ensures compliance with the specific requirements of these standards; and compliance with the NC PAS 99: 2008. The unified management of the documentation contributed to significantly reduce the overall size of the IMS. The proposed methodology ensures throughout the implementation stages of the Deming cycle, a requirement necessary to meet the improvement process. This model was the main basis for the preparation of the IMS Manual of Environmental Sciences Division at CNIC. It is flexible, meets the common requirements which bring together all management systems and can be used as a model for integrating management systems in the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries of Latin American countries, and it is accessible for adaptation to change, regarding new approaches to what will be the ISO 9001: 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generation and management of knowledge is central to the development of new technologies and products especially those related to emerging technologies. The success of the R + D + i in the specific case of nanotechnology will be closely linked to the integration of knowledge generated in the different stages during the life cycle of the R + D + i. This paper aims to analyze influence of knowledge generated from the information contained in patent documents in an R & D related to carbon nanoonions. To achieve the objective the Methodology for the Generation and Knowledge Management (MGGC) it was used as a source of information and are mainly used the information contained in patent documents, which was processed for later viewing and analysis. The results obtained show the positive impact of the socialization of knowledge generated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patent information is an indispensable source of scientific and technical information technological development. This information must be analyzed, filtered, summarized and grouped so that it can be useful in the pharmaceutical field. Colloidal systems (mesophases), are one of the most important for the development of nanotechnology, new formulations and treatments as well as to achieve increased bioavailability and stability of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutritional supplements topics including because its particle size is characterized by physicochemical properties of classical physics and quantum physics. This paper aims to set priorities for the development of colloidal systems for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other industries, from the trend in this area identified from patentability studies of microemulsions. The main variables used in this study are the number of patents filed and granted, principal inventors and applicants or holders and key applications. Patentscope® data base was used. The correlation of variables was performed using a random sample of the total population of evaluated applications between the findings patents was determined that there is an upward trend in the number of requested and granted microemulsions related patents in the selected period. The study allowed the management of a strategy of technological development in the pharmaceutical field microemulsions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the global scenario today, innovation is crucial for the competitiveness of organizations. Thus, also the health establishments should be aware of advances in new technologies for the treatment of diseases. However, widespread climate of scant budget for the financing to health, coupled with the increase of medical-scientific research explosion, reveal the complexity in identifying and adopting effective strategies in managing innovation. The use of patent databases as a source of technology information is based on the assumption that the increased interest in new technologies is reflected in the increase in patent applications. The above information is of great value to generate knowledge that affects the achievement of positive results in the implementation of R & D, since it provides legal, commercial and technical information, not usually found in other documentary source. The paper analyses the advantages of the described patent information to obtain drugs for cancer patients at affordable costs, whose active ingredients are in public domain. It is based on a study of a real case of application by the Saint John's Hospital, in Porto, Portugal. The purpose of this technological surveillance is to stimulate creativity, leading to the development of new products and processes as well as improving rates of innovation in health institutions with cost efficiency. Examples of the use and application of this information resource are presented, and the advantages thus obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The actual development of electronics and computers has allowed developing methods for measuring corrosion in real time and at very short periods. The generation of new knowledge has allowed using physicochemical methods to determine corrosion very fast and store the data obtained. The information contained in patent documents claiming these new advanced technologies is of great value to generate knowledge that respond to the problems and needs of the R + D + i related to the continuous measurement of corrosion in transport vehicles and other instruments and equipment. Distance monitoring is important in these cases where the vehicle is moving. It is very important for operation and maintenance and for the evaluation of the protective products against corrosion. The aim of this paper is to generate new knowledge from the application of the methodology Generation and Knowledge Management (MGGC), from which the search strategy that inventions claiming keywords recovered was determined: corrosion sensor and monitoring, patent databases freely available on internet. The results obtained from the processing of the information contained in these patent documents identified the strategic objectives of an R + D + i related corrosion monitoring by sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The validation of manufacturing process is one of the principal requirements for the quality assurance, in biopharmaceutical industry. In this paper are shown the evaluation of the components production for diagnostic system that are produced in DAVIH Laboratories. The critical processes: the sterilization, lyophilization, preparation of liquid components and the tightness of the components packing were validated in four protocols using specific simulation methodologies for each one. The simulation proceedings revealed the main vulnerabilities in each operation. The sterilization and lyophilization were valid operations but the preparation of liquid components and the tightness of polylaminate component were critical operations. These results represent the first documental validation evidences in this type of product in DAVIH Laboratories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a very important the classification of the Cubans petroleum, and stiller, the determination of its destination, to make more efficient its use. The objetive of this paper is to carry out a procedure to get a classification of the Cuban petroleum. For this it was analyzed the nature of the national data of the raw ones and their attributes, which consisted initially of 30 attributes with 54 samples of petroleum and it was determined to process them as attributes divided by intervals. The recognition patterns tools were applied to classify the Cuban petroleum in five established groups: Slight, Medium, Semi-heavy, Heavy and Extra-heavy. The most representative attributes were selected starting from the Informative Weight. Five cases were recognized that were in contradiction with their defined locations initially in the Learning Matrix, these eliminations were justified. The strict similarity was used as proximity measure among the cases. The magnitude of the Learning Matrix was of 22 attributes and 49 cases. Finally, an automatic program was designed for the classification of the raw ones and 98.0% of effectiveness was obtained in the classification of the Control Matrix of 49 samples of Cuban petroleum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of the case study of a building of four levels affected by corrosion of the steel reinforcement concrete beams in the third and fourth levels. Due to modernizations in the architecture of its façade, consequently was formed a micro-environment inside the building at the above mentioned levels. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of micro-environment on the corrosion of steel bars, through comparative tests between the four levels of the building. The tests performed were based on destructive and non-destructive techniques executed on the secondary beams that support the ceilings of the lowers and uppers levels of the building. The study took into account the relation of equilibrium between the ambient relative humidity and the water absorption capacity of the secondary beams of concrete tested. Results were expressed as the relative humidity profiles, and the values obtained indicated a trend towards increased water content within the structural elements studied. Supported in trials of electrical resistance was possible to know the state of corrosion of steel reinforcement, and to demonstrate the effect of micro-environment on the durability of reinforced concrete building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]