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Objective: To describe patients diagnosed with hematoma of the rectus abdominis (HRA) muscle., Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with HRA over the past 8 years in our center., Results: A total of 17 patients (9 women) with mean age of 73 years were included in the study. In 52% of the cases the HRA was the cause of hospitalization. Anticoagulant therapy was documented in 70%. More than half of patients treated with low molecular weight heparin had renal insufficiency. In the group receiving oral anticoagulants (OA), 86% had INR greater than 4. Paroxysmal cough appeared in 13. The most common presentation was abdominal pain and palpable mass. CT scan sensitivity was superior to that of the ultrasound. The most common location was the lower right. Treatment was conservative in all but one. Two patients died. Mean decrease in hemoglobin was 4.7 g/dl. Average stay was 19 days., Conclusions: In our center, HRA almost equally affects both genders and appears in older people with excessive anticoagulation and cough. The clinical presentation, increased diagnostic sensitivity of CT scan and predominance in the right abdominal involvement are similar to other series. Mortality and hospital stay are higher than described., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.)