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Objetivo: establecer la frecuencia de empleo y explorar el papel que tiene la lactancia materna exclusiva hasta los 6 meses como factor protector para enfermedades prevalentes, en niños hasta de 5 años de edad en una determinada población colombiana. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en algunas instituciones educativas a nivel de jardín infantil de los municipios de Palestina, Ibagué y Pereira (Colombia). La escogencia de la población se efectuó mediante un muestreo por conveniencia. Se evaluaron las características basales, tipo de alimentación, tiempo de lactancia materna, tiempo de alimentación complementaria, enfermedades respiratorias, apendicitis, enfermedad diarreica aguda, diabetes mellitus, dermatitis, reflujo gastroesofágico, desnutrición, obesidad y afección cardiorrespiratoria. Resultados: participaron en el estudio 311 niños. Se encontró una frecuencia de lactancia materna del 92% (98,1% Ibagué, 90,5% Pereira, 87,9% Palestina) y una asociación significativa entre la lactancia materna y bronquiolitis, reflujo gastroesofágico, síndrome bronco obstructivo, desnutrición y afección cardiorrespiratoria. Conclusiones: se confirma la importancia de la lactancia materna como factor protector para enfermedades prevalentes en la infancia.

Objetivo: analizar el estado actual de la evidencia de la vacunación para el virus de papiloma humano (VPH) a nivel poblacional teniendo como referente su posible aplicación en Colombia. Metodología: evaluación de estudios fase III sobre las vacunas contra el VPH: estudios de los grupos FUTURE I, II y PATRICIA. Se reflexiona sobre su generalización a nivel poblacional y se analizan factores que limitan su uso. Resultados: la evaluación de estos estudios encuentra limitaciones metodológicas que controvierten la eficacia presentada en las publicaciones de los estudios como son la elección de variables sustitutas inadecuadas, análisis de resultados con variables primarias compuestas que son heterogéneas, análisis por protocolo y no por intención de tratamiento, criterios de inclusión que no sustentan la aplicación poblacional de la vacuna en menores de 15 años y factores que pueden afectar la validez de los estudios como conflictos de intereses y origen del patrocinio. De otra parte, se presentan reportes de complicaciones con la aplicación de la vacuna que brindan una mejor información sobre el verdadero comportamiento de este método de prevención por fuera del diseño experimental. Conclusiones: para el momento de esta revisión no se tiene la suficiente evidencia que sustente la inclusión de la vacuna contra el VPH como programa de vacunación poblacional en Colombia.

Objective: Several studies point to a lack of information together with greater demand from healthcare providers regarding the characteristics of disorders associated with prenatal exposure to alcohol, and ways to prevent them. This paper is aimed at prompting reflection on the most relevant aspects that need to be considered in the detection and management of alcohol use during pregnancy. Materials and methods: The following questions may be answered from a review of the historical evolution of the research related to disorders associated with prenatal exposure to alcohol: 1. Which are the current diagnostic criteria of Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)? 2. What is the prevalence of Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and other FASD? 3. How have international recommendations on alcohol use during pregnancy evolved? 4. What are the current prevention strategies? An extensive review of the international published research is conducted for this purpose. Results: Modern research on the topic reveals that prenatal exposure to alcohol may give rise to a wide spectrum of problems. The difficulty in establishing a safe dose of alcohol during pregnancy has resulted in a progressive revision of the recommendations regarding alcohol use during this period, ranging from moderate use to abstinence. Conclusion: The impact and size of this problem require the development of specific preventive strategies. Their implementation requires continuous training of practitioners charged with providing periconceptional and perinatal care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: establishing the frequency of use and exploring the role of exclusive maternal breastfeeding for up to six months as a protection factor against prevalent diseases in children up to 5 years of age in a determined Colombian population. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out in some kindergartens in the towns of Palestina, Ibagué and Pereira (Colombia). The study population was chosen by convenience sampling. Base characteristics such as type of feeding, maternal breastfeeding time, complementary feeding time, respiratory disease, appendicitis, acute diarrheic disease, diabetes mellitus, dermatitis, gastroesophageal reflux, malnutrition, obesity and cardiorespiratory affection were evaluated. Results: 311 children participated in the study. 92% maternal breastfeeding frequency was found (98.1% in Ibagué, 90.5% Pereira, 87.9% in Palestina) and a significant association was found between maternal breastfeeding and bronchiolitis, gastroesophageal ref lux, broncho-obstructive syndrome, malnutrition and cardiorespiratory affection. Conclusions: the importance of maternal breastfeeding was confirmed as a protection factor for prevalent diseases during infancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: analysing current evidence regarding proposals for vaccinating the Colombian population against human papilloma virus (HPV). Methodology: assessing HPV vaccine phase III studies (FUTURE I, II and PATRICIA study groups). Comments are made regarding generalising such vaccination amongst the general population, also taking factors limiting their use into consideration. Results: methodological limitations were found when assessing these studies thereby challenging the importance of the efficacy found in such studies such as the choice of inadequate substitutes, analysing results involving heterogeneous primary compounds, analysis by protocol and not by intention to treat, inclusion criteria which did not underpin a general vaccination programme for girls aged younger than 15 and factors which could affect the validity of the studies such as conflicts of interests and sources of sponsorship. Several complications have been reported regarding how the vaccine has been applied, providing better information about this prevention method's real behaviour (i.e. when taken beyond its experimental design stage). Conclusions: there was not sufficient evidence to recommend introducing HPV vaccination within Colombian immunisation schedules when this review was made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]