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Los estudios de respuesta fotosintética a diversas intensidades lumínicas facilitan comprender la fisiología vegetal, optimizar el manejo y aprovechamiento sostenible de las especies. La investigación tuvo como fin evaluar la respuesta fotosintética de G. angustifolia y B. vulgaris a diferentes intensidades de luz. Las mediciones de asimilación fotosintética se realizaron utilizando un sistema portátil iFL - LCpro-SD. El punto compensación (% U ) se determinó mediante tres curvas A/Ci bajo tres niveles diferentes de intensidad lumínica. La evaluación de la respuesta fotosintética al incremento en la intensidad de luz fue de 25 a 1800 PPFD µmol m-2s-1. G. angustifolia presentó un % U de 73.9 µmol CO, m{ ²s{ ¹, indicando mayor eficiencia en la captura de carbono a concentraciones más bajas en comparación con B. vulgaris, que mostró un % U de 88.1 µmol CO, m{ ²s{ ¹. Además, G. angustifolia exhibió una menor tasa de respiración diurna (Rd) (0.33 µmol CO, m{ ²s{ ¹), lo que optimiza su eficiencia energética, mientras que B. vulgaris presentó una Rd más alta (1.08 µmol CO, m{ ²s{ ¹), lo que implica mayor consumo de energía en condiciones de baja intensidad lumínica. G. angustifolia no mostró fotoinhibición, ya que su tasa de asimilación fotosintética aumentó continuamente con la luz. En contraste, B. vulgaris experimentó fotoinhibición a partir de 700 µmol m{ ²s{ ¹ de PPFD. Estos hallazgos evidencian que G. angustifolia está mejor adaptada para capturar carbono en condiciones de baja concentraciones de CO, y altas intensidades de luz, mientras B. vulgaris parece adaptarse mejor a ambientes con mayor concentración CO.

En la Amazonía ecuatoriana, cada día son mayores los desafíos para la identificación de especies fitorremediadoras que disminuyan la contaminación por metales pesados producto de la actividad minera. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el potencial bioacumulador de metales pesados de tres especies forestales de rápido crecimiento (Ochroma pyramidale, Piptocoma discolor y Bambusa vulgaris) en un área de extracción minera, en la comunidad Yutzupino, Napo para la restauración. Se recolectaron muestras de hoja y suelo para determinar la concentración de metales pesados (Cd, Pb, Fe y Ni), mediante espectrometría de absorción atómica y se calculó el factor de bioconcentración (FBC). Los análisis foliares mostraron que B. vulgaris presentó mayor concentración de Ni (6,89 mg kg-1) y Fe (156,33 mg kg-1) y P. discolor contenía Cd (0,35 mg kg-1) y Pb (55,67 mg kg -1). Los análisis de suelos mostraron un patrón de variación en B. vulgaris superior en Cd, Ni y Pb y en O. pyramidale para Fe. El factor de bioconcentración permitió identificar la capacidad acumuladora de las especies, lo que sugiere que P. discolor puede ser utilizada como especie fitorremediadora para sitios contaminada por Cd y Pb, O. pyramidale para Ni y B. vulgaris para Fe.

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The Ecuadorian Amazon is recognized worldwide for its extraordinary megadiversity and multiplicity of forest goods and services. However, the inadequate practices of extractive use of non-timber forest products, the clearing of extensive areas of forests for the development of oil activity and the unsustainable use of timber as economic sustenance of communities have led to structural and functional changes In ecosystems. The study was carried out in three sites of a degraded evergreen forest of the eastern Amazon (Mera, Shell and Puyo) in order to evaluate the effect of the degree of intervention on the forest structure. A floristic inventory was carried out with 60 plots of 25 x 25 m2 and tree species ≥ 2.5 cm d1.30 and species in natural regeneration phase with h

In the Ecuadorian Amazon, the challenges for identifying, phytoremediation species that reduce heavy metal contamination resulting from mining activity are increasing every day. The objective of this work was to evaluate the bioaccumulator potential of heavy metals of three fast-growing forest species (Ochroma pyramidale, Piptocoma discolor and Bambusa vulgaris) in a mining extraction area, in the Yutzupino community, Napo for restoration. Leaf and soil samples were collected to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Fe and Ni) using atomic absorption spectrometry and the bioconcentration factor (BCF) was calculated. Leaf analyzes showed that B. vulgaris presented a higher concentration of Ni (6.89 mg kg-1) and Fe (156.33 mg kg-1) and P. discolor contained Cd (0.35 mg kg-1) and Pb (55.67 mg kg-1). Soil analyzes showed a pattern of variation in B. vulgaris superior in Cd, Ni and Pb and in O. pyramidale for Fe. The bioconcentration factor allowed identifying the accumulating capacity of the species, which suggests that P. discolor may be used as a phytoremediation species for sites contaminated by Cd and Pb, O. pyramidale for Ni and B. vulgaris for Fe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purposeof this researchwas to determinethe physical properties oforganic substratesin blends withbiocharas a conditionerand its influence onthe quality ofplantsTaliparitielatum(Sw.) Fryxellgrown intubetes. An experimentaltrial, whichwas installed in agrowing house, located in areas of theSoils Laboratoryof the Ministry ofAgriculture, municipality Pinardel Río (22' 25 `21.9' `N;83' 40; was performed'33.6 E''). Independentsubstrates usedwere straw, peat, biocharand volumetricmixtures ofstraw -biochar and peat-biochar in a completelyrandomized experimentwith ninetreatmentsand tenreplicates. The positive influenceof biochar was demonstrated inthe physical propertiesof the substratesgivenby the decreasein bulk density, average particle diameterandincreasingmoisture retentionof the mixturesin relationto individual components. Correspondence analysisshowed a significantcorrelation (p d»0.05) between the substratesanddestubetadovariables,stabilityof the root ballandradicalarchitecture. The speciesTaliparitielatum(Sw.) Fryxellshoweda favorable responseshown bymorphologicalparameters, wherethe most favorablesubstratesresulted inafilter cakeformed byfifty percentandeighty(C80 andC50), which showed thatthese substratesprovidethe bestchemical and physicalcharacteristics required forgrowth.

This study aimed to diagnose the situation productive of charcoal in Pinar del Río EFI by SWOT matrix (weaknesses, threats, strengths and opportunities) which consists of the collection of information from different sources related to the production of charcoal and thus a screening of ideas and through the technical working group with the presence of specialists proceeded develop the matrix with all components was performed. The results of the assessment of the productive situation of charcoal indicate an unfavorable position, resulting in a strategy of adaptive type, conditioned by economic, political and cultural factors.

Responding to the necessities of the country of achieving high production levels with the biggest efficiency and possible effectiveness, with an appropriate control of the costs that allows better business work.It is that the present investigation is performed in the integral forestry enterprise of Pinar del Rio. The work has as General Objective to perfect the System of Cost in the integral forestry enterprise of Pinar del Rio.It allows to perform properly the processes of planning, accumulation, calculation and analysis, as well as the taking of decisions. This investigation used as Material and Method the geographical location of the study area and also the analyses of the womb keeping in mind those (Weaknesses, Threats, Strength and the opportunities).It determined productive economic indicators showed a high variation during the period 2009/2013 which was reflected in planning silviculture. The use of these instruments will allow a bigger efficiency and effectiveness inside of the own productive process of the forestry.

The aim of the research was to elaborate a mathematical-economic model built by linear programming and the Win QSV software to maximize the utilities in the charcoal production process in the Pinar del Rio Integral Forest Company (IFC). The mathematical-economic model is an effective tool for the charcoal production planning. A group of actions have been proposed which allows a long term optimization for the process of charcoal sustainable production.

The research was conducted in the Jeringa site of the Turquino National Park in order to characterize the vegetation of a mountain forest fragment with Juglans jamaicensis. Floristic composition, vegetation structure, and the index value of importance were evaluated. Diameter at 1.30 m above the ground and height of all trees greater than 5 cm in diameter was measured. Data were analyzed using canonical correspondence analysis. 776 individuals of 43 species and 41 genera belonging to 30 families, reporting the Rubiaceae family as the richest in species, followed by Amigdalaceae, Araliaceae, Cyatheaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae, Sapindaceae and Poaceae. The tree species with more IVI were the Pseudolmedia spuria, Oxandra laurifolia, Trophis racemosa, Ocotea leucoxylon, Guarea guara, Dendropanax arboreus and Juglans jamaicensis, mainly due to its abundance in the vegetation, but it was found that the main contributor to the organic weight parameter species was the relative frequency.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of biocharon physical properties of different organic substrates consisting in sugarcane straw, peat, and biochar as well as combinations of sugarcane straw-biochar, peat-biochar. This was completely randomized experiment with nine treatments and ten replicates. Was demonstrated from a comparis on of means test of Duncan that biochar influence on the physical properties of the growing media to decreasing the bulkdensity, realdensity, increaseporosity and moistureretention of the blends relative to the individual components. The chi-square test allowed the dependence between the grow in media and the to remove from the container ease and root architecture, ensuring growing media and the development of a good root system.

This research was developed to evaluate the structure and condition three forest stands (evergreen, deciduous and pine) Managed Floristic Reserve San Ubaldo-Sabalanamar. This was performed with rectangular plots floristic inventory of 25 x 20 m2 and evaluated conservation criteria and forest structure. The inventory yielded a total of 52 species belonging to 32 families, resulting deciduous forests with better structure and composition of species, the most important ecological Metopium brownii, Pinus caribaea var. caribaea, Bursera simaruba and Caesalpinea violacea. The condition assessment indicated that although the area is within a conservation category there are changes in the vegetation being evergreen pine trees forming the most anthropised, which was reflected in the values of diversity with highly significant differences in terms the abundance and species dominance.

Ochroma pyramidale is a fast-growing species with high commercial value. The largest volumes of its wood are obtained from commercial plantations; however, there are very few studies of its production in nurseries. The objective of this study was analyse the effect of N, P, K concentration and fertilisation frequency on morpho-physiological response of O. pyramidale grown in biopots using response surface methodology. The experiment was set up using the response surface methodology for which 30 seedlings were used per experimental run. The experiment consisted of applying different concentrations of N, P, K and two fertilisation frequencies according to the optimal (Custom) design. The response variables were height increase, diameter increase and CO2 assimilation. From the results obtained, we confirmed the positive effect of N, P and K fertilisation on the variables under study. From the experimental data, a second-order quadratic polynomial model was found that allows the prediction of the morphophysiological response of the species. The frequency of fertilisation during the time interval studied was not significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amazonian tropical forests have an enormous variety of species and are recognized for their great biodiversity and carbon sequestration, but they are threatened by anthropogenic pressure from land use change. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the accumulated aerial biomass and ecological sustainability of an Amazonian forest in the Cotococha community. Five 0.1 ha transects (10 x 100 m) separated at 100 m intervals were established and all tree species were recorded with D1.30 =10 cm. Ecological indicators were evaluated based on vegetation, soil, biodiversity and productivity. Aerial biomass was estimated using allometric equations and the biomass importance value index (BIVF) was determined. The families Melastomataceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Salicaceae presented the highest number of species. The distribution of diameter classes showed an inverted J trend. The ecological su stainability diagnosis showed that not all indicators reach the sustainability threshold. An area biomass of 78.67 ± 5.87 Mg ha-1 and a carbon stock of 39.33 ± 2.34 Mg ha-1 were reported. The three families with the highest BIVF were Melastomataceae with 38.43, Annonaceae with 24.36 and Meliaceae with 22.69 These families could be recommended for restoration programs within the community, due to their high potential to accumulate aerial biomass and carbon stock, contributing to a management that allows them to improve and reach the threshold of sustainability in all ecological indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ochroma pyramidale is a fast-growing species with high commercial value. The largest volumes of its wood are obtained from commercial plantations; however, there are very few studies of its production in nurseries. The objective of this study was analyse the effect of N, P, K concentration and fertilisation frequency on morpho-physiological response of O. pyramidale grown in biopots using response surface methodology. The experiment was set up using the response surface methodology for which 30 seedlings were used per experimental run. The experiment consisted of applying different concentrations of N, P, K and two fertilisation frequencies according to the optimal (Custom) design. The response variables were height increase, diameter increase and CO2 assimilation. From the results obtained, we confirmed the positive effect of N, P and K fertilisation on the variables under study. From the experimental data, a second-order quadratic polynomial model was found that allows the prediction of the morpho-physiological response of the species. The frequency of fertilisation during the time interval studied was not significant.

Amazonian tropical forests have an enormous variety of species and are recognized for their great biodiversity and carbon sequestration, but they are threatened by anthropogenic pressure from land use change. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the accumulated aerial biomass and ecological sustainability of an Amazonian forest in the Cotococha community. Five 0.1 ha transects (10 x 100 m) separated at 100 m intervals were established and all tree species were recorded with D1.30 ≥10 cm. Ecological indicators were evaluated based on vegetation, soil, biodiversity and productivity. Aerial biomass was estimated using allometric equations and the biomass importance value index (BIVF) was determined. The families Melastomataceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Salicaceae presented the highest number of species. The distribution of diameter classes showed an inverted J trend. The ecological su stainability diagnosis showed that not all indicators reach the sustainability threshold. An area biomass of 78.67 ± 5.87 Mg ha-1 and a carbon stock of 39.33 ± 2.34 Mg ha-1 were reported. The three families with the highest BIVF were Melastomataceae with 38.43, Annonaceae with 24.36 and Meliaceae with 22.69 These families could be recommended for restoration programs within the community, due to their high potential to accumulate aerial biomass and carbon stock, contributing to a management that allows them to improve and reach the threshold of sustainability in all ecological indicators.