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With the increase of planetary exploration missions and thereby the resultant increase of extraterrestrial rovers deployed, their mobility performance meets new challenges. Wheel-soil interaction plays an important role in the movement of these rovers. Our research addresses the study of this interactions in the first moments of the trajectory. The investigations reported so far, focus on long-distance motion (approx. 20-30 cm). However, the authors believe that the firsts interactions are crucial for the future performance of the motion. Here, by means of a device that allows multiple and precise repetitions of a wheel rolling experiment at controlled gravities, we characterize the movement of a wheel on sandy soil, in the gravity of Mars. Our study reveals that gravity influences the performance of the wheel, under these conditions. The experiments show that, as the gravity decreases, the rolling efficiency also decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional diagnosis method of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) consists in the evaluation of hands and feet radiographs. However, still for medical specialists it turns out to be a complex task because many times the correct diagnosis of the disease depends on the detection of very subtle changes for the human eye. In this work, we developed a system based on Artificial Intelligence (Al), using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for the automatic detection of RA from hand radiographs. The model efficiency is measured with 15 cases achieving an accuracy of 100%. Results of the experiments conducted, showed a superior performance compared to similar state-of-the-art systems reported in the consulted bibliography. This model would be useful for Cuban medicine as a diagnosis tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the challenges associated with motion tracking of insects. The authors comment on the various methods of insect tracking, including studies of bees, ants, and spiders. They examine the development of tracking algorithms to detect insect movement, including methods such as optical flow, color matching, and template matching.