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Objective: To describe the prevalence of alertness signs according to age groups, to identify symptoms - clinical signs, and to relate the alertness signs to the deviations from psychomotor development in each of its areas. Methods: A descriptive study in children aged 0 to 5 years born between 2010 and 2013 was made in "Robert Manuel Zulueta" Polyclinic. The sample was made up of 243 children and the signs of delayed alertness of the psychomotor development were identified. It was checked whether there is such a deviation with the application of child development scales. A database was made, which was summarized in tables and charts. Absolute frequencies and percentages were estimated. Results: 14.8 % of the children showed signs of alertness, more frequent at 12 months of age (16.7 %). The signs of alertness in the gross motor and language areas were predominant at 3 years (13.9 %). There was a prevalence of dyslalia (44.4 %), hypertonia, hiperreflexia and equinism (13.9 %). The psychomotor development delay was significantly identified by applying the "Language Development Research Test" (69.4 %), Peabody Gross Motor Scale (58.4 %), Peabody Fine Motor Scale (55.6 %) and Peabody Language Test (58.3 %). Conclusions: Signs of alertness were identified more frequently at 12 months and at 3 years of age. The most obvious symptoms and clinical signs were dyslalia, hypertonia, hiperreflexia and equinism. The retardation of psychomotor development was verified in the gross motor, fine motor and language areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]