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In the Fourth Industrial Revolution, journalism cannot remain oblivious to the innovations brought about by the socio-technological reality. Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the technologies on the rise, although the Spanish media have incorporated it little, experimentally and in specific sections. This research has two objectives: 1) to know the state of development of AI in the Spanish digital media and the industry's perception of the impact of this technology on the profession; 2) to explore a human vs synthetic text generation detection method to assess whether generative AI is being used in media. A comparative study was carried out between two media of reference in Spain, one matrix and conservative ideology (El Mundo), and another digital native and progressive trend (eldiario.es). The methodology was based on methodological triangulation and included a survey and an experiment with ChatGPT to detect whether a sample of texts published in these two media was created by humans or machines. The results diagnose that none of these newspapers apply AI, although they are designing plans to do so, and that there seems to be a lack of AI experts in the newsrooms, although a significantly higher predisposition towards AI in the native media is not confirmed as opposed to the matrix. The analyses carried out confirm that generative AI is not used to create texts. The method applied can be used in other studies because its validity is confirmed to provide clues about the human or artificial origin of journalistic texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to analyze the treatment of cannabis from the perspective of the Spanish newspapers in order to show the image they offer. Using a content analysis methodology, the genres, the sources used, the dominant thematic areas are identified and the treatment given by the Spanish digital newspapers El País, El Mundo, ABC and La Razón, from January 1 to December 31, 2019, is compared. The findings show a predominance of informative texts, signed by the editors or the newspaper itself and a use of official sources. Regarding their subject matter, the newspapers continue to relate cannabis to actions typified as crimes (arrests, dismantling and seizures). Likewise, they incorporate new contents related to this substance, such as the business of production, distribution, biotechnology, cosmetics and leisure companies, which appear as an emerging sector. It also highlights the absence of information on programs, services and campaigns carried out by Institutions and other organizations to face problems of dependency or addiction, among others. These results suggest that legislative changes show the need to carry out a process of normalization of the status of cannabis, which tends to relate it to health, personal care, leisure and even luxury. Thus, Spanish newspapers are beginning to move away from the perception of cannabis as an illegal drug that has been maintained for decades, to show a somewhat more permissive image of cannabis, ignoring other aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research analyses the opinion articles about the COVID-19 published in the main newspapers of Italy, Spain and Germany. To this purpose, a qualitative inductive-deductive content analysis methodology has been used along two complementary phases. The first included the detailed analysis of the sample, and the second involved a method of comparative textual analysis using the Sketch Engine software. The results show the existence of some common issues about the virus, although with different approaches depending on the country: a certain vision marked by national politics in the Spanish case, an interpretative view in the case of Germany and a more social-humanistic perspective in the Italian dailies. A discourse contrary to generating panic is common in the three countries studied, but with a clear underestimation of the virus' potential consequences in the first couple of months after the outbreak in Wuhan as regards the Spanish and Italian press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]