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This paper explores the narration of Héctor Llaitul, a historical reference of the Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco, an organization of armed resistance associated with the Mapuche people of southern Chile, regarding the historical facts exposed in La Araucana by Alonso de Ercilla. I establish a relationship between that epic text and Llaitul's principles and thoughts about the military and weichafe ethics in reference to Lautaro (Leftraru). There is an analysis about contradictions and political and identity complexities that Llaitul, along with Jorge Arrate, his co-author in Weichan who interviews him in prison, finds regarding the Araucanian-Mapuche legacy that is declared in the Chilean republican tradition and that actually comes from La Araucana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes some poems by Leonardo Tello Imaina: poet, communicator, journalist, and director of Radio Ucamara (Nauta, Loreto Region, Peru). Tello identifies himself as a member of the Kukama people, and my analysis here departs from a fundamental premise: the importance of the river for the Kukama people. It then bifurcates into two connected axes: on the one hand, the relationships between humans and non-humans and, on the other--borrowing Mario Blaser's definition--the "ontological conflicts". I emphasize how Tello's poetry contributes to the visibilization of Kukama political ontology and, at the same time, to the inclusion of Amazonian indigenous literature in the national literary scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper proposes an approach to the poetry book Katatay/Temblar, with special attention to "Cubapaq. A Cuba", the poem dedicated by José María Arguedas to the Cuban island. The study emphasizes that the Arguedian verses represent and promote, by the isotopy of resilience, the ontological continuity of the Indigenous people and their identity claim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The category of "insufficiency" is widely used in criticism that addresses César Vallejo's poetry; however, frameworks that deploy this category tend to omit that poetry's ethical dimensions. The genealogical method of this paper denaturalizes the concept of insufficiency to show a previously unacknowledged ethical critique of sacrificial history, which emerges through a negative order of perception. Drawing on Maria Zambrano's sociopolitical thought to describe active modes of insufficiency, I argue that the ethos of Vallejo's poetry sought to rehumanize political life by elevating the subject's indivisible constitution as protagonist and author of history, while proposing a responsible anagnorisis in response to the nightmare of tragedy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores in Eielson's return to written poetry his enthusiastic resettlement in the founding text of his poetical production, namely Reinos, published in 1945. Reinos can be seen as a ritual burial or huaca that the 'archaeologist' poet chooses to dig into in his later collections, namely Celebración (2000) and Sin título (2001). As readers witness the unearthing of the Lima period images, the old funerary isotopy becomes the background against which a thriving vitality, a radiance and a critical impulse that had not been seen before burst gleefully thus modifying the reception of Eielson's poetry. Eielson's response to the questions posed by Peruvian filmmakers Patricia Pereyra and Gaby Yepes is finally added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the issue of visuality in Lorenzo Garcia Vega's poetry, focusing on its relationships to visual arts. As I show, the visuality of Garcia Vega's poetry often presents itself under the form of painting hypothesis, i.e., the narration of conjectural paintings. Such narrated paintings--frequently unfinished--aim to bring to the mind of the reader the immediacy and concreteness of what the poet-painter observes, but also that of what he imagines. In this sense, I argue that Garcia Vega's poetry shares with certain avant-garde tendencies their non-representational character, interpreting his focus on the most concrete aspects of our visual field--such as geometrical forms and colors--as a strategy to evade fiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces tha Academia devota, poético sagrado certamen, a poetic panegyric hagiography of St. Peter of Verona, also known as St. Peter Martyr. Composed in Mexico in 1715 and 1739 but not published until 1740 in Manila, it is the work of Pedro Núñez de Villavicencio and his nephew Ñuño. Because this collection is unknown, this paper examines the circumstances of its composition and publication in order to place it in its appropriate context. The paper explores the Academia devoids use of multiple meters as a narrative and poetic technique to increase devotion to St. Peter’s cult and as a way for the authors to exhibit their poetic skill. It discusses the term “ludic” as used by Johan Huizinga as a more fitting theoretical approach to late Baroque poetry, especially the so-called poetry of ingenio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to carry out a new approach to the enunciating aspect of Pedro Paramo in order to reconsider the widespread conviction that the narrative universe of Cómala is related by two narrators. This study will start from the theoretical and methodological assumptions provided by French and Anglo-Saxon Narratology and will demonstrate that there is no such enunciating duality in Juan Rulfo's novel. This analysis will show that Pedro Páramo has a single narrator whose features are modulated by the stated plot line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the Renaissance, the pageantry and theatrality associated with power are based on a celebratory tradition which is mainly urban. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the transposition of this festive model to colonial America and, in particular, to analize the performances of the mestizo ephemeral found on the outskirts of the colonial city in New Spain, in different spaces and farther away from the locations of mainstream power centres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the notion of "gambiarra", a feature of Brazilian and Latin American culture, as a literary element in two short stories of the Uruguayan writer Eduardo Galeano. In this sense, some theoretical-critical approaches will be proposed for possible meanings to "gambiarra," not only as a materially objectified element, but also as a process, an action and a production method. I present as hypotheses some of the socio-historical determinations that enable "gambiarra" as a social phenomenon as well as its categorization as a concrete expression of a certain ontological human tendency. The analysis of the short stories, after brief considerations about the author and his work, seeks to understand how the articulation of the "gambiarra" manifests itself in the narratives, allowing also dialectical glimpses about its social dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to deeply explore the role played by the various components of the feast in the complex relations between Jesuits and Dominicans in Manila in the second half of the 17th century, with special regard for theater, ephemeral art, and sacred oratory. Far from being trivial, this question is part of the "battle for propaganda" that ultimately resolves quotas of spiritual and temporal power, an issue that will become thornier with the appointment in 1677 of the Dominican Felipe Pardo as Archbishop of Manila and his manifest animosity to the Society of Jesus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complex characteristics of New Spain's theatricality become forms of hegemonic domination, mainly when in contact with the Church--either in school festivals, or in autos de fe. These other forms of New Spain theatricality are genuine "representations", as an image of power and as theatrical entertainment, with their specific theatrical elements: stage, costumes, props, music, action... In this paper, I review several Mexican documents, related to the Jesuit school festivals (1600, 1602 and 1640) and autos de fe from 1646 to 1659, from this theatrical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I approach the contribution of brother Andrés de Olmos to New Spain's theater of evangelization. The main objective of this work is to propose an assessment of the role that the Franciscan brother played in the development of the theater of evangelization. To do this, I will analyze the Auto of the Final Judgement, whose authorship is attributed to him. The paper explores the hypothesis that Olmos could have used the theater as an evangelization tool in the Northeast of Mexico, in Tamaulipas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes and systematizes the reflections on language that the Peruvian writer Gamaliel Churata proposes in his work Khirkhilas de la sirena. According to the linguistic project already advanced in his El Pez de Oro, Churata claims the literary and poetic use of an Andean Spanish strongly quechuized and aymarized. This paper will show how Churata's poetics of the language is concretized in the poems, analyzing certain choices and lexical-semantic aspects that characterize the work and that account for the relevant contact between Quechua, Aymara and Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the debates about postmodernity, this paper discusses the reflection on repetition in form and content in Tres tristes tigres by Guillermo Cabrera Infante. Through an analysis of the leit motiv of spectacle, I explore the tensions between writing and the stereotypes of identity in the post-revolutionary Cuban context. Considering the theoretical approaches by Guy Debord, Yuri Lotman, Jean Baudrillard, among others, I analyze the configuration of a "spectacular semiosphere" where the characters define their submission or rebellion to a uniform and controllable setting. I argue that the novel problematizes the conditions of representation of a diversity of human types as point of departure to the acknowledgement of the limits of legibility of the 1960s Havana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper rescues the narrative work of the Philippine writer Benigno del Rio, well known in his country between 1930 and 1960, but whose memory is now forgotten. His work suffered successively a triple destruction: the Japanese invasion of the Philippines during the Pacific War, the battle of Manila against the Japanese, and poor documentary conservation after the independence of the archipelago. The vestiges of his work are scattered in newspapers and magazines between 1931 and 1941. We intend to reexamine this work through some thirty stories recently recovered, crossing them with the elements contributed by the author himself in the testimonial chronicles of the Japanese occupation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our interpretation of Noli me tangere, by José Rizal, the baroque public celebrations are considered an essential element that prevents the Philippine people from getting free from the traditional canonical and circular religious timeline to enter the lineal one of modern times that leads to progress. This paper proposes a literary analysis of the narrative structure of this novel based on the identification of the festive celebrations associated with colonial power and the church (urban setting), as opposed to those connected to secular feasts (marginal locations or nature) which the rebellious characters (representing Romanticism and Enlightment) celebrate as a way to freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saint Jerome is an essential figure in the constitution of Western culture, not only for being Father of the Church, founder of the Christian Latin Literature, and model of holy man, but also for his repercussions for the European iconography and art. This paper studies how the Philippine Islands were involved into the Western tradition exploring a particular case, the presence of Saint Jerome in Philippine Literature. We will focus in two particular aspects: firstly, Jerome’s doctrine in the Baroque Literature written in the Archipelago, and, secondly, his image transmitted to Tagalog and vernacular literature and romances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the participation of the Chinese in the development of firms in the transit area of the Isthmus of Panama during the nineteenth century (Railroad Co. and French Canal) and their inclusion in the Panamanian republican social life throughout the twentieth century, through inquiry into literature as a discursive practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexican intellectual Francisco Bulnes is one of the most outstanding members of the so-called group of scientists during the Porfiriato. He forms part of the Mexican Astronomical Commission to Japan in 1874 as an official writer. In addition, Bulnes published in 1875 a personal and well-documented account of the scientific expedition in Japan and the vicissitudes of the journey through the East: On the Northern Hemisphere, Eleven Thousand Leagues. Travel impressions to Cuba, United States, japan, China, Cochinchina, Egypt and Europe. This paper studies the details of this exceptional chronicle of a renowned Hispanic American intellectual, chronicle that with a rich cultural baggage expresses his own vision of the world, his country and East Asia. The positivist liberalism of Bulnes's contrasts with his skeptical worldview. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the symbolic matrix of the North-American political discourse developed by José Vasconcelos in his essay La ra%a cósmica (1925). Vas-concelos' essay contains a paradox: The semiotic and ideological constant incidence of the North-American political discourse in his own thesis on Latinamericanism and anti-North-americanism--these thesis are summarized in Vasconcelos' concepts of misión [Mission] and destino manifiesto [Manifest Destiny], The aproppiation of this North-American Rethoric is determined by two reasons: on one hand, Vasconcelos' subaltern experience; on the other hand, Vasconcelos' strategy to get political support from the North-American community. This paradox could be explained by the notion of enunciation--as developed by E. Benveniste and re-developed under the paradigm of Post-Colonial Studies. According to my reading, in Vasconcelos' essay, under the North-American rethoric, there are two underlying motivations: Vasconcelos' symbolic Split, and the "significant double intention" of his politic enunciation. Keywords-, enunciation, symbolic split, Mission and Manifest Destiny, Latin-Americanism, post-colonialism, anti-North-Americanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What does it mean to refer to a corpus of diverse sixteenth and seventeenth centuries Latin American chronicles as "mestizo discourse" or as defined by a "mestizo rhetoric"? In this paper, I analyze, from a metonymical and critical perspective, Libro X II from Códice florentino by fray Bernardino de Sahagún, to answer, at least, part of that question. My goal is to show how this book, and specially its beginnings, points out the ways in which a mestizo rhetoric takes form and functions, due to the uses of transposition, metaphors and authorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between Borges and France has been revisited more than once from many perspectives. This paper does it from a novel point of view: that of the account of composition. On the one hand, this paper presents the account of composition (that is, a narrative about the writing process) as a conceptual instrument that can be used to think and perceive the literary experience in general. On the other, it seeks to show that these narratives are a productive tool to analize key aspects of the relationship between Borges and France: they let us articulate a way of viewing Borges' position in relation to the avant-gardes, which in turn enables us to trace a line covering from Borges' Ultraist origins to the much later resonance of Borges' literature and ideas in the works of the French literary group Oulipo. Incidentally, this paper also suggests a hitherto unnoticed relevant connection between “The Aleph" and Plato's Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper dscribes the website dedicated to Inca Garcilaso within the virtual library “Miguel de Cervantes". We will review its contents, materials and tools available for teaching of and research on the topic of this author, and present the results of its diffusion over the last three years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literary works of Inca Garcilaso de la Vega are a conscious historiographical program wi th a clear model, in our opinión: the Roman historian Tacitus. In this paper, I approach this hypothesis with three evidences: the classical studies of the Inca, the rhetoric, and the parallelism between Tacitus's and Garcilaso's historical works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to analyze César Calvo's Las tres mitades de Ino M oxoj otros brujos de la Amazonia in order to rethink how the Amazonian universe (with its beliefs, myths, and knowledge) participates in the construction of Peruvian identity', assuming a notion of identity that is defined by heterogeneity. We propose a reading of Calvo's novel in the frame of Amazonian indigenism, which creates tensions with other literary formulations of the Andean utopia. The paper also looks into how the invention of an ethnographic narrator allows the intersection of diverse sociocultural universes in the novel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the role of Simón Rodríguez, especially that of his work American societies, from the perspective of the social actors who would have intervened in a national and republican inclusive project. With an in-depth knowledge of Rodríguez's ideas relating to indigenous and Afro-American populations, the paper argues that his project would have best represented the construction of pluralistic societies more in tune with the libertarian and democratic ideals that motivated the independence movements in the first place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A conference paper on the Audiencia de Quito during the Age of Enlightenment as represented in the works of Ecuadoran intellectual Eugenio de Santa Cruz y Espejo is presented. The paper describes the city of Quito as a product of the Enlightenment and explores the unique characteristics of the Enlightenment in the Audiencia de Quito.

Luis Buñuel's films present an obsessive repetition of motifs, images and objects that create a personal and recognizable universe: the proliferation of shoes, mysterious boxes and insects have already become privileged objects of study. This paper analyzes a motif that is not merely an obsession and that despite its recurrence has gone unnoticed: the exchange of an apple in a context that evokes the rewriting of the Biblical story of Adam and Eve. This motif, which appears for the first time in Buñuel's Mexican period, is present in primarily nonreligious films and summarizes the particular vision of Buñuel about sex, eroticism and religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes how the writer's figure is constructed in the diaries that Bioy Casares wrote during his forty years of encounters with Jorge Luis Borges. Following the notion of privacy in relation to the idea of friendship as a form of passion in Argentine culture, this paper analyzes the forms and the ways in which Bioy Casares presents unusual aspects of Borges as a person and as a friend. At the same time, one can observe in these aspects a figure of a writer, Borges, who created tension between the notions of orality and literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the possibility of studying Peruvian gongorism at its different stages, from an early and exalted assimilation of stylistic gongorisms to the critical maturity of the Apologético by Juan Espinosa Medrano. I will revise theoretical and practical discussions on the genre of epic poetry posed by Fernando de Valverde in his poem Santuario de Nuestra Señora de Copacabana en el Perú. This examination will reveal that the consolidation of gongorism in Peru was not, as has been thought, without discussions and hesitations regarding the classical methods and the items associated with the new poetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In October 1979, the argentine writer Beatriz Guido (1922-1988) published La invitación (Losada), a successful novel republished by Alianza Editorial in 1982 and by Círculo de Lectores in 1984. Moreover, the cinematographic director Manuel Antín prepared a film version in 1982. In our possession is a typed draft of this text, with Beatriz Guido's handwritten anotations, that shows the latest rewritings and variants made by the author before the first edition. In this paper I analize some interesting examples to identify the different methods she used in her polemic writing, frequenty reported by the specialized criticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes that the colonial discourse by Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, the Official Chronicler of Indies in the first half of the 16th century, takes in contact with certain pre-Columbian indigenous expressions of the Caribbean and Central America. In particular, we focus on the representations that the chronicler creates about the areíto, or Indian feast, the most indescribable and incomprehensible manifestation among their practices. I propose that, in presence of the areitos, Oviedo's colonial discourse becomes brittle and contradictory, plurivalent. Thus, to approach the symbolic level of the Historia General j Hatural de las Indias, I utilize a literary-critical perspective together with the help of the study of some information provided by ethnography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1870 and 1890 several women's magazines from Buenos Aires assiduously began to publish texts from Peruvian writers, influenced largely by the arrival of Juana Manuela Gorriti to that city. These magazines became a platform to promote transnational dialogues among their female contributors, legitimizing the figure of the female American writer in this process. This paper aims to study this circuit of publication, which would extend until the late nineteenth century, when writers like Clorinda Matto de Turner and Carolina Freyre de Jaimes settled in Argentina and developed their own journalistic projects there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay studies the beginning of U.S. Hispanism and its relation to Latin America in the work by Harvard historian William H. Prescott, History of the Conquest of Mexico (1843). It demonstrates that Prescott defined his object of study mainly based on a corpus of Spanish colonial sources. As a counter face, this paper examines the reception that Prescott's book had in Mexico by historian José Fernando Ramírez, a contemporary' to Prescott and his work, although in the ideological opposition caused by the political discrepancies that arose in the times of the Mexican American war (1846-1848). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the central role played by Argentinian modernista writer Enrique Rodriguez Larreta in the vindication of the Castilian cultural heritage in early 20thcentury Argentina. As part of the wave of hispanophile sentiment produced by the Spanish-American War and the debates on identity linked to the celebration of Argentina's Independence Centenary, Larreta aims to create a new Argentinian identity of Castilian filiation based on the Spanish cultural heritage epitomized by Golden Age. This profoundly conservative aesthetic project finds expression in his successful historic novel La gloria de don Ramiro, conceived as an archaist textual simulacrum that reconstructs the historical reality of Phillip II's reign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the complex relationship between mid-19th century Hispanic American culture and Europe by looking at one of the salient sentiments in Domingo F. Sarmiento's Viajes (1845-1847): his antihispanism. Specifically, it focuses on the sections on France and Spain, where Sarmiento's work significantly eschews the style of “travel impressions". In those sections, Romantic orientalism allows Sarmiento to both inscribe the minority status of Río de la Plata's culture and language politically, and to position himself in the larger context of European culture. This rhetorical maneuver enables Sarmiento to revisit and reconfigure notions of local color, exotism and orientalism he had explored in Facundo (1845). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel Perfect Preterite by Hugo Foguet appears in the map of Argentinian literature as a piece of writing that, at the moment of its publication (1983) and from the periphery of the canon, breaks apart from any expected narrative produced inland, that is, a kind of realism that presented remote, still and atavistic provincial towns. This paper analyzes Foguet's text from the notion of folly realism, coined by Eduardo Rosenzvaig in the context of the Argentinian and Latin American literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents evidence on the controversial trip of José Juan Tablada to Japan in 1900. Most scholarship studying the book of chronicles En el país del sol (1919) refers to the lack of evidence of José Juan Tablada's trip to Yokohama. Until now there was no concrete evidence to prove his travel, beyond the book mentioned and some watercolors. As a result of a search at the National Archives in San Francisco among the documents that record the arrival of travelers, I found that passenger twenty-one was, indeed, Tablada, who traveled back from Yokohama on December 5, 1900 to arrive in San Francisco on December 22 aboard the ship “America Maru". This was a crucial trip for Tablada, which marked a watershed moment in his artistic creation and reaffirmed his intellectual passion for the land of the sun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This analysis of Claudia Llosa's films {Madeinusa and Milk of Sorrow) begins by observing the great importance that she gives to the acoustic: language, voice, music, etc. It therefore investigates the relation between sound and image in her work, and the problematic of the process of naming, to show the tensions between these two levels. Ultimately, the argument is that Llosa points us to the possibilities as well as the pitfalls opened up by displacement and heterogeneity, by a scission between the senses. So, in contrast to any reading in terms of hegemony and/or counter-hegemony, the paper suggests that these are posthegemonic films. They refuse the indigenist dream of reconciling the country (indigenous with mestizo, highland with coast) in favor of a strategy of inhabiting and renaming the desert of the real. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes how the influence of the extirpation of idolatry and the perspective of the writer of the Huarochirí Manuscript go parallel, and walk towards a (mis)encounter amongst the voices of the subject of enunciation and the enunciated. In the analysis of chapters 20 and 21, in which the devil Llocllayhuancu has tempted Don Cristóbal Choquecaxa, I will demonstrate the intention of Don Cristóbal to project himself with the attributes of a good Christian by using his faith to be part of legitimate religious circuit. At the same time, the survival of pre-Hispanic beliefs, questions the legitimacy of the indio converso and postulates the active presence of an Andean alternative discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars often see in the chapters of Guaman Poma de Ayala's Nueva coránica y buen gobierno devoted to the history of the conquest of Peru a strong critique of Spanish chronicles accounts that ground his claim of restitution, allegedly the work's central claim. Through a close reading of its other historical chapters, those dealing with pre-Hispanic Andean history, this paper offers a new interpretation of the text. It argues that the Nueva coránica is a theologicallyorganized didactic text whose goal is to produce in the reader a radically new way of seeing the world, and that the historical narrative of the pre-Hispanic past in particular lays the foundation that will render intelligible in an alternative way the present of the colonial society and its future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the significations related to the Andean mountain chain in novels written three decades apart and from cities surrounded by Andean peaks: La Paz and Santiago. These novels are Felipe Delgado (1979) by Bolivian author Jaime Sáenz (1921-1986) and Cielo de serpientes (2007), by Chilean novelist Antonio Gil (1954). Some of the issues this text addresses are the place of Andean culture in these novels, the way in which that view is seen in relation to the cultural meanings prevailing in the cities represented in each text, and the tensions between cultural and literary values within the novels and from the authors' time perspective. Since Antonio Gil's texts implicit or explicidy address those of Sáenz, a central author in Bolivian contemporary literature almost unknown in Chile, they show a drive towards making regional social significations visible and to discuss the meanings that the Cordillera acquire in the globalized city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout Latin America, from architecture to literature and the visual arts, the landscape has been a key expression of modernity-as-crisis, unsettling earlier traditions of deploying the landscape-form in order to forge an image of pristine American nature. Instead, twentieth-century landscape is both expression of and intervention into, the critical reconfigurations of space and place underpinning the urbanization of Latin American societies, until then predominantly rural in nature. Luis Barragán's and Roberto Burle Marx's garden designs offer two very different expressions of modernism in the landscape-form, as a way of emplacing the abstract space of modern architecture in American nature and culture. This paper tries to re-assess their work in the context of the landscape- form as a site and expression of the crisis of space/place constellations in twentieth-century Latin America. The biometric curve which Burle Marx's gardens introduced into the formal vocabulary of architectural modernity, will be read here as the formal inscription in the design itself of the tensions between space and place which the latter attempts to negotiate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mario Benedetti's career, playwriting was sporadic and often undervalued, even by the author himself. However, his “pieces for writers", a theatrical trilogy composed between the 1950s and the 60s, are built as essays and journeys around the literary debates that shaped Uruguayan culture of the time, acquiring for that reason a remarkable historical value. In these works Benedetti defines the national “literary" object and its possible ethics (Ustedes, por ejemplo); transforms the space of the theatre into meta-theatre with its consequential parody of the stage system (Ida y vuelta); and describes different narrative possibilities (El reportaje). This paper analyzes these works as a unified project: Benedetti's attempt to insert his writings into the procedures and reflections on literature and creation, thereby instituting an “object that analyzes and simultaneously is analyzed" (Roland Barthes) and, by extension, generating a new theatricality and a new scenic language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I analyze the narrative voice of Amuleto, a novel by Roberto Bolaño published in 1999. Auxilio Lacouture is the autodiegetic narrator and her voice presents two salient features: the first one is the repetitive use of the first person pronoun, "yo" (I), and the second is the presence of two different dialects in one single voice. We find that except in the last part of the novel, where the Tlatelolco massacre is described, there is a repetition and insistence of the first person pronoun and a combination or mixture of the Mexican and Argentinean dialect. We believe that from these features we can trace in the narrative voice three topics: trauma, hybrid linguistic identity, and memory--a memory that brings things back not in a chronological way, but ambiguously and confusingly, showing that the important thing is fighting to not forget, and to keep telling stories. Auxilio's voice is a voice of "auxilio" (help) even when there is nobody to listen to it, and it is, at the end, what we have to defend ourselves, an amulet; it is literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines the positions of Xavier Abril, Emilio Adolfo Westphalen, and José María Arguedas in the context of the discussions of the avant-garde, indigenismo and socialism that sought the renewal of the Peruvian imaginary between 1925 and 1940. The framework of the analysis intends to capture the complexity of the influences of José Carlos Marátegui's discourse in the debate, abandoning the contrast of the "Andean" and "West" categories and proposing a reading that emphasizes three other premises: authenticity, territoriality and modernity. In this sense, this work examines the relationship between Abril and Westphalen (1930-34), showing their image of Lima as a primitive space and a cultural wasteland in contrast to Europe and studying, among other texts, an unpublished manifesto. This paper then addresses the intellectual relationship between Westphalen and Arguedas at the end of the 1930s, showing how their representation of Lima as a hostile place was complemented by the proposal of an indigenous subject capable of the artistic modernity. This mapping of Lima's cultural scene of the time will explain how, according to these intellectuals, being primitive or modern depended on the authenticity of the artistic/intellectual pursuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work expounds upon the connection and distinction between the works of W.H. Hudson and Jose María Arguedas, using the rhizomatic theory of Deleuze and Guattari to evaluate the power of a landscape to evoke and create memories, while at the same time instilling a sense of "being." This article explores the cognitive affect experience of shamanic culture, a theme somewhat more present in the work of Arguedas. Hudson, rather, focuses on a projection of self into nature on an individual level, as opposed to the cultural and individual dual focus of Arguedas. This paper is grounded in the idea that different states of consciousness are essential to understanding realities and immersing ourselves in a state of "being," which is poignantly shaped by the settings described by Arguedas and Hudson. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the exaltation of doctitud and understanding as a strategy for self-legitimization, put forward in the discourse of colonial Peruvian scholars, particularly in the work of Juan de Espinosa Medrano (Cuzco, 1630?1688). Exploring various writings, it emphasizes consistency in the attitude of the priest and the adoption of certain ways of expressing the "creole claims" (charges, recognition, attention), underlining the humanist tradition that the colonial elite prolongs, imposing their ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on mestizaje in the colonization of Hispaniola, especially in relation with Nicolás de Ovando's settlements (1501-1503). From a Colonial Studies perspective, this paper seeks to dialogue with recent research in archaeological Contact Studies that have focused on the problem of gender. The analysis from mestizaje allows us to think of Hispaniola as a gender and race contact zone in the frame of the relations of power and domination imposed by Spanish conquest. Through the discursive analysis of the Instructions that the Crown sent to Ovando and a reading of the myth of Guahayona as recorded by Ramón Pané in his Relación de las antigüedades de los indios (1498), I analyze the role of gender relations in the establishment of the colonial power relation in order to open new reflections on the central place of gender in the processes of colonial subordination that follow this initial stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]