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During the Civil War, Castelló de la Plana, like other rearguard cities was the target of repeated attacks by land and sea between 1937 and 1939. These bombings made it necessary to take measures to defend the civilian population and, as a result, air-raid shelters were built. After the war ended, these buildings were generally abandoned and forgotten, and only a small fraction of those built still conserved. In recent years their historical value has gradually been recognized as part of attempts to recover the memories of war and contribute to a new culture of peace. The Municipal Historical Archive of Castelló conserves the original plans for the construction of public air-raid shelters, particularly graphic documents. Thanks to their analysis the missing shelters and the forms of graphic representation of the time can be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to reflect on the importance of the eye in the creative process of architectural projects. All creation is based on a watchful eye, which acts as an instrument of knowledge and reflection; an active and creative eye that contains a thought. But creation is also in the hands of those who put these thoughts down onto paper and materialise them. In this sense, teaching architectural design should fundamentally consider educating the eye, so that students develop a perceptual ability allowing them to address all kinds of architectural projects creatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every project comes into existence through a handmade object. When designing, our hands act as tools that move between the worlds of matter and thought, making it possible to work with our ideas, clarifying them and fixing them up into something buildable. From the drawing, the performing of sketches, models, collages... we can travel that road made by ideas to enter a world of physical reality through a process in which the actions of thinking, drawing and building continually succeed each other. This article tries to explore the role of our hands when designing in order to learn more about the process of creating the architectural project and the way it is generated, to finally speak about issues interesting for us concerning the way they are taught. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]