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Enquadramento: A pandemia por COVID-19, acresce aos enfermeiros momentos de insatisfação, tensões emocionais e relacionais, podendo estar relacionadas com o burnout, ansiedade e depressão. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto que a pandemia por COVID-19 teve nos enfermeiros, relativamente ao burnout, ansiedade e depressão. Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo descritivo-correlacional e transversal. A amostra não probabilística por conveniência, constituída por 234 enfermeiros de um Hospital dos Açores, sendo aplicado um questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica/questões gerais, a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) e o Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) de forma online e presencial, os dados foram analisados com recurso ao programa SPSS. Todos os aspetos ético-legais foram respeitados. Resultados: Identificaram-se a falta e uso prolongado de material de proteção individual, condições de trabalho desfavoráveis, diminuição da realização profissional, medo de contrair a doença e infetar familiares/amigos, isolamento social, relação com os superiores hierárquicos, remuneração inadequada e falta de práticas administrativas. Conclusão: O contexto pandémico, em interligação com o contexto social e familiar, levou os enfermeiros a experienciarem sintomas de burnout, ansiedade e depressão.

Background: Nurses experienced dissatisfaction and emotional and relational tensions during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may be related to burnout, anxiety, and depression. Objective: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses' burnout, anxiety, and depression. Methodology: Quantitative descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional study. The nonprobability convenience sample consisted of 234 nurses from a hospital in the archipelago of the Azores. A questionnaire with sociodemographic/general questions, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) were administered online and face-to-face. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software. All ethical and legal aspects were respected. Results: The following aspects were identified: lack of and the prolonged use of personal protective equipment, unfavorable working conditions, decreased professional fulfillment, fear of becoming infected with the virus and infecting family/friends, social isolation, relationship with hierarchical superiors, inadequate remuneration, and lack of administrative practices. Conclusion: The pandemic context, combined with the social and family context, led nurses to experience symptoms of burnout, anxiety, and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enquadramento: A neuropatia diabética (ND) é uma complicação que afeta o paciente com diabetes mellitus (DM), doença crónica com elevada prevalência em idosos. Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores preditivos da neuropatia diabética em idosos atendidos na atenção primária em saúde. Metodologia: Estudo transversal realizado com 111 idosos com DM tipo 2. Foi realizada análise bioquímica e utilizado Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI), Escala Numérica Visual (ENV) e Escala de Dor - Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS). Análise de regressão foi realizada no IBM SPSS Statistics, versão 20.0. Resultados: A prevalência de ND foi 29,7%. A intensidade de dor nos pés e gémeos foi significativamente associada à ND (p = 0,001). Foram significativamente associados à ND: hemoglobina glicada (p < 0,001), glicemia em jejum (p = 0,001), triglicerídeos (p = 0,038), depressão (p < 0,001) e sedentarismo (p < 0,001). Após a regressão permaneceram associadas à ND: hemoglobina glicada elevada, sedentarismo e depressão. Conclusão: Os fatores preditivos para ND em idosos foram depressão, hemoglobina glicada elevada e sedentarismo.

Background: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a complication that affects patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM), a chronic disease with high prevalence among older people. Objective: To assess the predictive factors for diabetic neuropathy in older people treated in primary care. Methodology: Cross-sectional study with 111 older people with type 2 DM. A biochemical analysis was performed, and the Beck Depression Inventory, the Visual Numeric Scale, and the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs Pain Scale were used. The regression analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 20.0. Results: The prevalence of DN was 29.7%. Pain intensity in the feet and calves was significantly associated with DN (p = 0.001). The following factors were significantly associated with DN: glycated hemoglobin (p < 0.001), fasting blood sugar level (p = 0.001), triglycerides (p = 0.038), depression (p < 0.001), and a sedentary lifestyle (p < 0.001). After logistic regression, high glycated hemoglobin, a sedentary lifestyle, and depression remained associated with DN. Conclusion: The predictive factors for DN in older people were depression, high glycated hemoglobin, and a sedentary lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enquadramento: A estimulação cognitiva (EC) é uma das terapias não-farmacológicas (TNF) recomendadas e com melhores evidências na perturbação neurocognitiva ligeira (PNCL), permitindo estimular a neuroplasticidade e a reserva cognitiva, podendo atenuar a progressão do declínio cognitivo no idoso com PNCL. Objetivo: Apresentar detalhadamente a estrutura e o conteúdo de um protocolo de intervenção em idosos com PNCL, baseada na EC individual. Metodologia: Identificação das fases preliminares ao desenho do protocolo de intervenção. Resultados: Protocolo de intervenção individual baseado na EC, composto por esquema base de 6 sessões, com frequência bissemanal e com duração aproximada de 45 minutos por sessão, administrado por terapeutas treinados. Conclusão: O programa de EC individual pormenorizado facilita a sua implementação e disseminação, podendo ter implicações relevantes na prática clínica e na investigação da PNCL.

Background: Cognitive stimulation (CS) is one of the recommended non-pharmacological therapies (NPTs) with the best evidence base for mild neurocognitive disorder (mNCD). It stimulates neuro-plasticity and cognitive reserve and can reduce the progression of cognitive decline in older adults with mNCD. Objective: To describe the structure and content of an individual CS intervention protocol for older adults with mNCD. Methodology: Identification of the stages preceding the design of the intervention protocol. Results: Individual CS therapy intervention protocol, consisting of a program implemented by trained therapists with six sessions, twice a week, each lasting around 45 minutes. Conclusion: The detailed individual CS protocol facilitates its implementation and dissemination and can have significant implications for clinical practice and research on mNCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cognitive stimulation (CS) is one of the recommended non-pharmacological therapies (NPTs) with the best evidence base for mild neurocognitive disorder (mNCD). It stimulates neuro-plasticity and cognitive reserve and can reduce the progression of cognitive decline in older adults with mNCD. Objective: To describe the structure and content of an individual CS intervention protocol for older adults with mNCD. Methodology: Identification of the stages preceding the design of the intervention protocol. Results: Individual CS therapy intervention protocol, consisting of a program implemented by trained therapists with six sessions, twice a week, each lasting around 45 minutes. Conclusion: The detailed individual CS protocol facilitates its implementation and dissemination and can have significant implications for clinical practice and research on mNCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enquadramento: A depressão, ansiedade e stress, têm elevada prevalência em Portugal sendo um problema de saúde pública. Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência da depressão, ansiedade e stress; Analisar diferenças entre género, idade, escolaridade, situação profissional, toma de psicofármacos, e perceção do estado de saúde relativamente aos níveis de depressão, ansiedade e stress. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo-correlacional transversal, amostra 207 utentes, amostragem não probabilística e por conveniência. Aplicado questionário biográfico e versão portuguesa Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Resultados: Entre 64,5% e 79,9% apresentam nível de depressão, ansiedade e stress normal a leve; entre 6,6% e 18% nível moderado e entre 10,5% e 17,5% nível severo a muito severo. Depressão, ansiedade e stress apresentam maior prevalência acima 65 anos, nas pessoas com fraca perceção do seu estado de saúde e que tomam psicofármacos; ansiedade é frequente nas mulheres; depressão maior expressão na baixa escolaridade; ansiedade e depressão frequentes nas pessoas não ativas profissionalmente. Conclusão: Resultados demonstraram uma prevalência de depressão, ansiedade e stress sobre a qual urge a definição de estratégias preventivas.

Enquadramento: O programa de Primeiros Socorros em Saúde Mental (PSSM®) é uma das ferramentas educativas que pode contribuir de modo substancial para o incremento da literacia em saúde mental dos jovens estudantes do ensino superior. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade do programa de PSSM, na literacia em saúde mental acerca da depressão e da ansiedade em estudantes de enfermagem. Metodologia: Desenho pré-experimental, com grupo único, avaliação pré e pós intervenção, aplicado a uma amostra de 219 estudantes do 1.º ano do curso de enfermagem. Foi utilizado o Questionário de Avaliação da Literacia em Saúde Mental (QuALiSMental). Os dados foram analisados com recurso ao software IBM SPSS Statistics v24.0. Resultados: O programa mostra-se efetivo em termos de incremento da literacia em saúde mental, observando-se mudanças estatisticamente significativas em todas as dimensões analisadas, com valores de moderados a elevados nas medidas de tamanho de efeito. Conclusão: O programa PSSM revela ser adequado em contexto de integração dos estudantes ao ensino superior, podendo ser utilizado como medida preventiva e promotora da saúde mental.

Background: Depression, anxiety, and stress are a public health issue with high prevalence in Portugal. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as to analyze differences between gender, age, education level, occupational status, intake of psychotropic drugs, and perceived health status regarding levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study was conducted with a sample of 207 users using non-probabilistic and convenience sampling. A biographical questionnaire and the Portuguese version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were applied. Results: In this sample, 64.5% to 79.9% of users had normal to mild depression, anxiety, and stress; 6.6% to 18% of users had a moderate level; and 10.5% to 17.5% of users had a severe to extremely severe level. Depression, anxiety, and stress were more prevalent in individuals aged over 65 years, those who perceived their health as poor, and those who took psychotropic drugs. Anxiety was frequent in women. Depression was higher in individuals with a low education level. Anxiety and depression were frequent in people who were professionally inactive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Enfermagem Referência is the property of Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The Mental Health First Aid Program (MHFA®) is one of the educational tools that can contribute substantially to increasing the mental health literacy of young higher education students. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the MHFA program, the mental health literacy rate about depression and anxiety in nursing students. Methodology: Pre-experimental design, with a single group, evaluation pre- and post-intervention, applied to a sample of 219 students in the 1st year of the bachelor's degree in nursing. The Questionnaire for Assessment of Mental Health Literacy (QuALiSMental) was used. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software v24.0. Results: The program is effective in increasing the mental health literacy rate. Statistically significant changes were observed in all dimensions analyzed, with moderate to high values in the effect size measures. Conclusion: The MHFA program reveals to be appropriate in the integration of higher education students and can be used as a preventative measure and to promote mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Enfermagem Referência is the property of Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Enquadramento: O programa educacional de Primeiros Socorros em Saúde Mental (PSSM®), tem o potencial de aumentar a literacia em saúde mental, reduzir o estigma pessoal e consciencializar os indivíduos em prol da saúde mental. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto do programa de PSSM, na literacia em saúde mental dos estudantes de enfermagem. Metodologia: Estudo pré-experimental, com desenho de grupo único, avaliação pré e pós intervenção, aplicado a uma amostra de 46 estudantes do curso de licenciatura em enfermagem. O instrumento de colheita de dados utilizado foi o Questionário de Avaliação da Literacia em Saúde Mental (QuALiSMental). Os dados foram analisados com recurso aos softwares IBM SPSS Statistics V24.0 e G-Power 3.1. Resultados: Os estudantes, no fim da frequência do programa, revelaram uma melhoria em todas as componentes da literacia em saúde mental acerca da depressão, aumentando ainda a confiança para prestar primeiros socorros. Conclusão: O programa evidencia ser uma ferramenta adequada para o incremento da literacia em saúde mental dos estudantes de enfermagem.

Background: The Mental Health First Aid (MHFA®) educational program has the potential to increase mental health literacy, reduce personal stigma, and empower individuals for their mental health. Objective: To evaluate the impact of MHFA training program in undergraduate nursing students. Methodology: Pre-experimental study, with a single group design, pre- and post-intervention assessment, applied to a sample of 46 undergraduate nursing students. The Questionnaire for Assessment of Mental Health Literacy was applied as a data collection tool. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS V24.0 and G-Power 3.1 software programs. Results: At the end of the program, students showed an improvement in all components of mental health literacy about depression, increasing their confidence to provide first aid. Conclusion: The program proves to be an adequate tool for increasing the mental health literacy of nursing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the literature, reminiscence therapy (RT) stands out as a non-pharmacological intervention commonly implemented in groups of elderly people with cognitive impairment. Objective: To identify the best available evidence on the effectiveness of RT in cognition, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in elderly people using community support structures. Method of Review: The methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute was followed. Studies focused on group RT, including elderly people (≥ 65 years old) with cognitive impairment and using community support structures, were considered. Critical analysis, extraction, and synthesis of results were conducted by 2 independent researchers. Presentation and interpretation of results: Two randomized controlled trials and 2 quasi-experimental studies were included (n = 502); the heterogeneity of the studies precluded meta-analysis. Two studies evidenced the benefits of RT to cognition. None of the studies showed the positive impact of the intervention on depressive symptomatology. Regarding quality of life, inconsistent results were found. Conclusions: The RT seems to have a beneficial effect on improving cognition in elderly people with cognitive impairment in a community context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the literature, reminiscence therapy (RT) stands out as a non-pharmacological intervention commonly implemented in groups of elderly people with cognitive impairment. Objective: To identify the best available evidence on the effectiveness of RT in cognition, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in elderly people using community support structures. Method of Review: The methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute was followed. Studies focused on group RT, including elderly people (≥ 65 years old) with cognitive impairment and using community support structures, were considered. Critical analysis, extraction, and synthesis of results were conducted by 2 independent researchers. Presentation and interpretation of results: Two randomized controlled trials and 2 quasi-experimental studies were included (n = 502); the heterogeneity of the studies precluded meta-analysis. Two studies evidenced the benefits of RT to cognition. None of the studies showed the positive impact of the intervention on depressive symptomatology. Regarding quality of life, inconsistent results were found. Conclusions: The RT seems to have a beneficial effect on improving cognition in elderly people with cognitive impairment in a community context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The use of the brief versions of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) for depression screening in different health care settings requires the identification of a cutoff. Objectives: To assess the screening ability of the GDS-10 and GDS-5 for depression using DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for major depressive episode as reference test. Methodology: The sample consisted of 139 older people. Sensitivity and specificity for different cutoff values were obtained using the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve. The cutoff was selected based on the Youden Index. Results: The optimal cutoff was 1/2 for both versions of the GDS. The GDS-10 showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 45.7%, and the GDS-5 showed a sensitivity of 78.3% and a specificity of 85.3%. Conclusion: The GDS-10 proved to be a good screening instrument for depression and its use in routine care is justifiable. The use of GDS-5 for screening depression is not recommended due to its limited screening ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Non-pharmacological interventions are valuable therapeutic strategies aimed at people with cognitive impairment. Reminiscence Therapy (RT) is one of the strategies highlighted in the literature. Objectives: To identify the best evidence available on the effectiveness of RT in improving the cognition, depressive symptoms, and quality of life of older people in institutional settings. Method of Review: The methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute will be used. A specific search strategy will be developed for each database/repository to identify relevant studies. Titles and abstracts will be analyzed, and articles that do not meet the protocol criteria will be excluded. The methodological quality of the remaining articles will be assessed. Data will be extracted from the included articles. Presentation and interpretation of results: The critical analysis of existing data on the effectiveness of RT in these domains and settings will contribute to the dissemination of the best evidence available on the topic. Conclusion: The best evidence should be disseminated to guide healthcare professionals in the implementation and development of RT programs focused on older adults with cognitive impairment in several institutional contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer os níveis de ansiedade, depressão e burnout em enfermeiros que trabalham por turnos. A recolha de dados foi realizada através de um questionário que engloba dois instrumentos previamente traduzidos e validados para a população portuguesa: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) e Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Este questionário foi aplicado antes e após o turno da tarde. Em ambos os momentos, os inquiridos obtiveram níveis médios de exaustão emocional e baixos níveis de realização pessoal e de despersonalização (MBI). Relativamente à ansiedade e à depressão, os valores obtidos foram compatíveis com um nível moderado de ansiedade e ligeiro de depressão (HADS). Não se encontraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas (dos níveis de ansiedade, depressão e burnout) do primeiro para o segundo momento de avaliação. É fundamental que o profissional de saúde responsável pela gestão esteja desperto para estas questões, podendo, assim, adotar medidas preventivas.El objetivo de este trabajo se centró en conocer los niveles de ansiedad, depresión y burnout en enfermeras que trabajan por turnos. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante la elaboración de un cuestionario que incluyó dos instrumentos previamente traducidos y validados para la población portuguesa: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) y Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Este cuestionario fue aplicado antes y después del turno de la tarde. En ambos momentos, los participantes obtuvieron niveles promedio de agotamiento emocional, niveles bajos de realización personal y de despersonalización (MBI). Con respecto a la ansiedad y la depresión, los valores obtenidos concuerdan con un nivel moderado de ansiedad y de depresión leve (HADS). No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (de niveles de ansiedad, depresión y burnout) entre la primera y segunda etapa de evaluación. Es esencial que el profesional de la salud responsable por la gestión sea consciente de estos asuntos, y que pueda así, tomar medidas preventivas.The objective of this work is to recognize anxiety, depression and burnout levels in nurses working in shifts. Data collection was performed through the development of a questionnaire including two instruments previously translated and validated for the Portuguese population: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). This questionnaire was administered before and after the afternoon shift. In both stages of evaluation, participants had average levels of emotional exhaustion, low personal accomplishment and depersonalization (MBI). Regarding anxiety and depression, the values obtained were consistent with a moderate level of anxiety and mild level of depression (HADS). No statistically significant differences were found between (levels of anxiety, depression and burnout) at the first and second assessment points. It is crucial that health professionals responsible for management are aware of these issues and can thus take preventive measures.

O desenvolvimento da Terapia de Remotivação na intervenção gerontológica, apesar de recente, tem vindo a demonstrar um impacto positivo, tanto em idosos com demência leve com algum comprometimento funcional e cognitivo, como em idosos autónomos e independentes. As experiências reportadas apontam para uma melhoria da interação entre indivíduos, o que contribui para a sua integração social e aumento da autoestima. Este artigo procura analisar os benefícios de um Programa de Terapia de Remotivação para idosos institucionalizados (ProTR), aos níveis da sintomatologia depressiva, ânimo e participação. Os sujeitos foram 14, divididos em duas condições: grupo experimental (que participou nas sessões do ProTR) e grupo de controlo (sem intervenção). Os instrumentos utilizados foram a Escala Geriátrica de Ânimo, a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica e a Escala de Avaliação do Comportamento na Remotivação. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o ProTR contribuiu para a diminuição da sintomatologia depressiva após a intervenção e para o aumento do ânimo no follow-up. Os benefícios encontrados neste estudo piloto justificam o futuro desenvolvimento e avaliação deste programa, nomeadamente junto de outras populações.El desarrollo de la Terapia de Remotivacióon en la intervención gerontológica, a pesar de ser reciente, ha demostrado tener un impacto positivo tanto en pacientes mayores con demencia leve con alguno deterioro funcional y cognitivo, como en mayores autónomos e independientes. Los experimentos reportados señalan una mejora de la interacción entre individuos, lo que contribuye a su integración y aumento de la autoestima. Este estudio procura analizar los beneficios de un Programa de Terapia de Remotivación para adultos mayores institucionalizados (ProTR) en lo que concierne los niveles de sintomatología depresiva, ánimo y participación. Hubo 14 articipantes, divididos en dos grupos: el experimental (que participó en las sesiones del ProTR) y el grupo de control (sin intervención). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala Geriátrica de Estado del Ánimo, la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica y la Escala de Evaluación del Comportamiento en la Remotivación. Los resultados sugieren beneficios en la disminución de los síntomas depresivos después de la intervención y en una mejora del estado del ánimo en el follow-up. Los beneficios identificados en este estudio piloto justifican un mayor desarrollo y evaluación de este programa en el futuro, incluyendo a otras poblaciones.The development of Remotivation Therapy in gerontological interventions is recent but has shown a positive impact in patients experiencing mild dementia, with some functional and cognitive impairment, as well as in autonomous and independent elderly. Reported experiences indicate an improvement in interactions between individuals, which contributes to their social integration and increased self-esteem. This pilot study analyzes the benefits of a Remotivation Program for institutionalized elderly (ProTR) in terms of depressive symptoms, morale and participation. The participants were 14 seniors divided into two groups: an experimental group who benefited from ProTR sessions and a control group who experienced no intervention. Instruments used include the Philadelphia Geriatric Centre Morale Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Scale for the Evaluation of the Behaviour in Remotivation. The results suggest benefits in terms of depressive symptom reduction after the intervention, and an increase in morale at follow-up. The authors highlight the need for more research and evaluation of this intervention with other population groups.

Esta investigação pretende estudar a depressão em idosos institucionalizados do distrito de Bragança. Tem como objetivos determinar a prevalência da depressão e apurar a existência de alguns dos fatores de risco conhecidos para o seu aparecimento e manutenção. Participaram neste estudo 186 idosos residentes em 14 lares do distrito de Bragança. Foram utilizadas a Escala de Avaliação do Estado Mental, a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica e o Índice de Barthel. Para estimar a adaptação à situação institucional e a importância dada à participação em atividades de lazer, construíram-se os índices de Adaptação (a = 0.61) e de Atividade de Lazer (a = 0.63). O sentimento de solidão foi autoavaliado pelos sujeitos. Observou-se uma elevada taxa de prevalência de depressão (47%), mais prevalente entre as mulheres (51%) do que entre os homens (40%). A depressão relacionou-se com o menor nível cognitivo, menor adaptação à vida institucional, menor importância dada às atividades de lazer, maior índice de solidão e maior dependência nas atividades de vida diárias. Em suma, quase metade da população de idosos inquiridos apresenta depressão que foi prevista pela solidão, pela menor importância dada às atividades de lazer e em função de pertencer ao sexo masculino ou feminino.Esta investigación pretende estudiar la depresión en adultos mayores institucionalizados en el distrito de Bragança. Tiene por objetivos determinar la prevalencia de la depresión y determinar la existencia de algunos de los factores de riesgo conocidos para su aparecimiento y mantenimiento. Participaron en este estudio 186 adultos mayores residentes en 14 residencias de ancianos del distrito de Bragança. Fueron utilizadas las escalas de Estado Mental y de Depresión Geriátrica, así como el Índice de Barthel. Para estimar la adaptación a la situación institucional y la importancia dada a la participación en actividades del tiempo libre se construyeron índices de Adaptación (a = 0.61) y de Actividad de Ocio (a = 0.63). El sentimiento de soledad fue autoevaluado por los sujetos. Se observó una elevada tasa de prevalencia de depresión (47%), más prevalente entre las mujeres (51%) que entre los hombres (40%). La depresión se relacionó con el menor nivel cognitivo, menor adaptación a la vida institucional, menor importancia dada a las actividades del tiempo libre, mayor índice de soledad y mayor dependencia en las actividades de la vida diaria. En suma, casi mitad de la población de adultos mayores encuestados presenta una depresión, la cual fue prevista por la soledad, por una menor importancia dada a las actividades del tiempo libre y dependiendo de ser hombre o mujer.The purpose of this research is to study depression in institutionalized older people in the district of Bragança. The aims are to determine the prevalence of depression and assess the existence of some known risk factors for its appearance and maintenance. The participants were 186 elderly residents in 14 residential homes in the district of Bragança. Instruments used were the Mini Mental State Examination, the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Barthel index. To estimate the adjustment to institutional status and importance given to participation in leisure activities, the Index of Adaptation (a = 0.61) and the Index of Activity and Recreation (a = 0.63) were created. The feeling of loneliness was self-reported by participants. A high prevalence rate of depression (47%) was observed. Depression was more prevalent among women (51%) than men (40%). Depression was also related to lower cognitive levels, lower adjustments to institutional life, reduced participation in leisure activities, higher rates of loneliness and greater dependency in activities of daily living. In summary, almost half of the older people studied in the district of Bragança were depressed. Depression in the institutional context was predicted by loneliness, less importance given to leisure activities and regarding the male or female condition.

Contexto: O estudo desenvolve-se no contexto do projecto “Ansiedade e Stresse em Cuidados de Saúde Primários” integrado na linha de investigação “Bem-Estar, Saúde e Doença” da Unidade de Investigação da Escola superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra. Objectivos: Descrever os níveis de depressão, ansiedade e stresse de utilizadores de um centro de saúde urbano/rural, analisar as diferenças de género e a relação entre depressão, ansiedade, stresse e idade. Método: Estudo descritivo analítico, aplicando a versão portuguesa da DASS-21 a uma amostra consecutiva (n=441). Resultados: 40% a 50% dos indivíduos apresentam algum grau de perturbação afectivo-emocional (depressão, ansiedade ou stresse). Foram identificados níveis severos ou muito severos de ansiedade e stresse em mais de 17% dos indivíduos e níveis severos ou muito severos de depressão em 12%. As mulheres apresentam níveis médios de depressão, ansiedade e stresse mais elevados que os homens. Depressão, ansiedade e stresse estão forte e positivamente associados. Os indivíduos com idade superior a 65 anos apresentam valores de depressão, ansiedade e stresse mais elevados. Conclusão: Com base nos resultados, dever-se-ão desenvolver estratégias de intervenção individual e comunitária para a promoção da saúde mental e prevenção da doença, particularmente, junto das mulheres e da população idosa.Contexto: El estudio desarrollado en el contexto del proyecto “Ansiedad y Estrés en Cuidados de Salud Primarios” se llevó a cabo en el ámbito de la línea de investigación “Bienestar, Salud y Enfermedad” de la Unidad de Investigación de la Escuela Superior de Enfermería de Coimbra. Objetivos: Describir los niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés de los usuarios de un centro de salud urbano/rural, analizar las diferencias de género y la relación entre depresión, ansiedad, estrés y edad. Método: Estudio descriptivo analítico, aplicando la versión portuguesa de la Escalas de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés - 21 (DASS-21) a una muestra consecutiva (n=441). Resultados: 40% a 50% de los individuos presentan algún grado de perturbación afectivo-emocional (depresiones, ansiedad o estrés). Fueron identificados niveles severos o muy severos de ansiedad y estrés en más de 17% de los individuos y niveles severos o muy severos de depresiones en 12%. Las mujeres presentan niveles medios de depresiones, ansiedad y estrés más elevados que los hombres. La depresión, la ansiedad y el estrés están fuerte y positivamente asociados. Los individuos con edad superior a los 65 años presentan valores de depresiones, ansiedad y estrés más elevados. Conclusiones: Basándose en los resultados, se deberán desarrollar estrategias de intervención individual y comunitaria para la promoción de la salud mental y prevención de la enfermedad, particularmente en las mujeres y en la población de personas mayores.Context: The study is carried out under the project “Anxiety and Stress in Primary Health Care” within the research line “Well-being, Health and Ilness” Coimbra School of Nursing Research Unit. Aim: To describe levels of depression, anxiety and stress of users of an urban/rural health centre, and to analyse differences in gender and the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress and age. Method: Descriptive analytic study using a Portuguese version of the DASS-21 with a consecutive sample (n=441). Results: 40% to 50% of individuals present some degree of affective-emotional disturbance (depression, anxiety or stress). Severe or very severe levels of anxiety and stress were found in more than 17% of individuals and severe or extremely severe levels of depression in 12%. Women present higher mean levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Depression, anxiety and stress are strongly and positively associated. Individuals over 65 years present higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Conclusion: On the basis of the results, a local individual and community intervention should be developed for the promotion of mental health and prevention of disease, particularly with regard to women and older individuals.

Background: Adolescent depression is considered a public health issue in Portugal, despite the lack of national epidemiological data. It involves a high degree of mortality, namely by suicide, which is the third leading cause of death in the 15-24 age group. Objectives: To assess the presence and severity of depressive symptoms in a non-clinical population of adolescents. Methodology: This is a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study, using the Portuguese version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). The sample was composed of 741 adolescents. Results: The results show that 31.2% of the adolescents have depression and, of these, 17.7% have moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Girls have higher levels of depression (p=.00). The total mean score in the BDI-II was 12. Conclusion: Given the adolescents’ high vulnerability to depression and suicide, it is essential to implement prevention programs in schools to promote the early detection of depression and suicidal behaviors, and the referral to mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescent depression is considered a public health issue in Portugal, despite the lack of national epidemiological data. It involves a high degree of mortality, namely by suicide, which is the third leading cause of death in the 15-24 age group. Objectives: To assess the presence and severity of depressive symptoms in a non-clinical population of adolescents. Methodology: This is a quantitative, descriptive and crosssectional study, using the Portuguese version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). The sample was composed of 741 adolescents. Results: The results show that 31.2% of the adolescents have depression and, of these, 17.7% have moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Girls have higher levels of depression (p=.00). The total mean score in the BDI-II was 12. Conclusion: Given the adolescents’ high vulnerability to depression and suicide, it is essential to implement prevention programs in schools to promote the early detection of depression and suicidal behaviors, and the referral to mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical framework: Psychiatric disorders in the elderly are common and responsible for the loss of autonomy, worsening of pre-existing conditions and self-care negligence. Objectives: This study aims to assess the association between institutionalisation and depression in the elderly. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a group of elderly people aged 65 years or more. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was applied. Results: The sample was composed of 75 elderly people aged between 65 and 91 years: 44 were institutionalised and 31 lived in the community. The prevalence of depression symptoms was higher in single and widowed elders than in married elders (p<0.001). The likelihood of having depression symptoms was 74.1% lower in non-institutionalised elders. Conclusion: The fact that the elders under study lived alone, were widowed and were institutionalised seems to clearly contribute to the presence of depressive symptoms. It would be of paramount importance to find therapeutic strategies to minimise the impact of institutionalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical framework: Depressive symptoms are common among the elderly, and it is important to have access to a reliable and easy-to-use screening scale. Objectives: To contribute to the validation of the Portuguese versions of the 15-item, 10-item and 5-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Methodology: The GDS-15 was hetero-applied to 889 elders, with a mean age of 78.02 years. The factor structure of the GDS-15 and the internal consistency of the three versions were analysed. Results: The three-factor solution of the GDS-15 explains 45.89% of the variance, but four items load on two factors. The internal consistency of the GDS-5, GDS-10 and GDS-15 versions, as well as of factor 1 is satisfactory, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging between 0.78 and 0.84, but it is modest in relation to factors 2 and 3, with 0.62 and 0.59 values, respectively. The GDS-5 and the GDS- 10 are strongly correlated with the GDS-15. Conclusion: The GDS versions revealed good psychometric properties and may be used to screen depressive symptoms in the elderly; however, the GDS-15 revealed same fragility related to factor structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical framework: Anxiety, depression and stress are common in patients during hospitalisation, thus their assessment is still important in different health care settings. Objectives: To identify the levels of anxiety, depression and stress in preoperative surgical patients and analyse their correlation with some socio-demographic and clinical variables. Methodology: A descriptive correlational study was conducted in a sample of 100 patients, the day prior to surgery, using a questionnaire for socio-demographic characterisation and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21. Results: The sample consisted mostly of married women, with a mean age of 48.41 years. Participants showed low levels of preoperative anxiety, depression and stress. There were significant differences in the three emotional states according to clinical diagnosis, in depression levels according to academic qualifications and length of hospital stay, and in stress levels according to the type of surgery. Conclusion: Results showed that nurses need to be more proactive in assessing and intervening in the emotional states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical Framework: The sequelae caused by an aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (SAH) may have a significant impact on patients’ emotional adjustment. Objective: This study aimed to characterise the emotional adjustment of patients with SAH, and identify the factors influencing this adjustment. Methodology: Sixty patients surgically treated for aneurysmal SAH for at least six months filled out a socio-demographic and clinical data sheet, the Medical Outcomes Study 36 and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: Patients with SAH showed significantly higher levels of Depression (p= 0.002), but not Anxiety, than the general population. In this sample, 19% and 7.1% of patients showed clinically relevant levels of Anxiety and Depression, respectively. The presence of post-SAH complications and perception of low quality of life are associated with increased levels of Anxiety and Depression. Social Support is only negatively associated with levels of Depression. Conclusions: These results support the long-term emotional impact of a surgically treated aneurysmal SAH. The study of the variability factors allows for the identification of not only patients at higher risk for adjustment difficulties, but also some strategies to improve their emotional adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical framework: The sequelae caused by Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) aneurysm can have a significant impact on the patients' emotional adjustment. Objective: This study aimed to characterize the emotional adjustment of patients with SAH, and to identify the factors influencing the variability of adjustment. Methodology: Sixty patients with aneurysmal SAH treated surgically for at least six months filled out a sociodemographic and clinical form, the Medical Outcomes Study 36 and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: Patients with HSA showed significantly higher levels of depression (p = .002), but not Anxiety as compared to the general population. 19% and 7.1% of the sample showed, respectively, clinically relevant levels of Anxiety and Depression. The presence of post-HSA complications and perception of low quality of life were associated with increased levels of anxiety and depression. Social Support is negatively associated only with levels of Depression. Conclusions: These results support the long-term emotional impact of the occurrence of an aneurysmal SAH. The study of the factors of variability allows not only the identification of patients at higher risk for adjustment difficulties, but also some strategies to improve emotional adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart failure is a chronic disease which can cause emotional imbalance, with anxiety and depression as two of the most prevalent emotional manifestations of mental suffering. In this study, with the aim of analyzing the effect of a nursing intervention in reducing anxiety and depression, a nursing intervention plan was developed based on Ellis’s rational-emotive behavioral approach with 10 inpatients in a pre-transplant situation. These patients were identified through screening using a measurement scale and/or through referral by the multidisciplinary team, and through further validation by a structured interview. The plan was implemented according to the individual needs identified, and the following techniques were used: relaxation, therapeutic communication and helping relationship, cognitive restructuring skills and training on the connection between thought and emotion. Quantitative data analyses were conducted based on field notes, health team observations and patients’ narratives. Findings suggest a reduction in anxiety and depressive symptoms, an increase of hope and a calming effect resulting from acceptance of the illness. The narrative analysis allows us to understand the importance of the therapeutic alliance and the benefit attributed by patients. It demonstrates the usefulness of specialized intervention in mental health nursing in these critical situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to recognize anxiety, depression and burnout levels in nurses working in shifts. Data collection was performed through the development of a questionnaire including two instruments previously translated and validated for the Portuguese population: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). This questionnaire was administered before and after the afternoon shift. In both stages of evaluation, participants had average levels of emotional exhaustion, low personal accomplishment and depersonalization (MBI). Regarding anxiety and depression, the values obtained were consistent with a moderate level of anxiety and mild level of depression (HADS). No statistically significant differences were found between (levels of anxiety, depression and burnout) at the first and second assessment points. It is crucial that health professionals responsible for management are aware of these issues and can thus take preventive measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of Remotivation Therapy in gerontological interventions is recent but has shown a positive impact in patients experiencing mild dementia, with some functional and cognitive impairment, as well as in autonomous and independent elderly. Reported experiences indicate an improvement in interactions between individuals, which contributes to their social integration and increased self-esteem. This pilot study analyzes the benefits of a Remotivation Program for institutionalized elderly (ProTR) in terms of depressive symptoms, morale and participation. The participants were 14 seniors divided into two groups: an experimental group who benefited from ProTR sessions and a control group who experienced no intervention. Instruments used include the Philadelphia Geriatric Centre Morale Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Scale for the Evaluation of the Behaviour in Remotivation. The results suggest benefits in terms of depressive symptom reduction after the intervention, and an increase in morale at follow-up. The authors highlight the need for more research and evaluation of this intervention with other population groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to study depression in institutionalized older people in the district of Braganca. The aims are to determine the prevalence of depression and assess the existence of some known risk factors for its appearance and maintenance. The participants were 186 elderly residents in 14 residential homes in the district of Braganca. Instruments used were the Mini Mental State Examination, the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Barthel index. To estimate the adjustment to institutional status and importance given to participation in leisure activities, the Index of Adaptation (α = 0.61) and the Index of Activity and Recreation (α = 0.63) were created. The feeling of loneliness was self-reported by participants. A high prevalence rate of depression (47%) was observed. Depression was more prevalent among women (51%) than men (40%). Depression was also related to lower cognitive levels, lower adjustments to institutional life, reduced participation in leisure activities, higher rates of loneliness and greater dependency in activities of daily living. In summary, almost half of the older people studied in the district of Braganca were depressed. Depression in the institutional context was predicted by loneliness, less importance given to leisure activities and regarding the male or female condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The diagnosis of the populations' affective emotional states and the precocious detection of disease in the community and the promotion of mental health are an important issue in Primary Health Care. Aim: to describe the levels of depression, anxiety and stress of patients of a health centre in a city in the central region of Portugal; to analyse the difference in gender and the relationship between the three variables. Method: descriptive co relational study, in a consecutive sample of 192 patients, 44 men and 148 women, mean age 42, 8, minimum 18, maximum 81 years old. A version of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) (Apóstolo, Mendes, & Azeredo, 2006) was used. Results: 50% to 62% of the individuals show a "normal" and "light" level of stress, anxiety and depression, 16 to 21% "moderate" and 20% to 29% "severe" and "extremely severe". Women present higher mean levels of anxiety and depression than men, but there is no evidence of that difference regarding stress. A strong association between depression, anxiety and stress is observed, which ranges between 0,76 and 0,79. Discussion: a high number, higher than 20% of the individuals, have severe and very severe depression levels of anxiety, depression and stress. This diagnosis may allow the development of a strategy of local and communitarian intervention, for the promotion of mental health and prevention of disease, particularizing the female individuals. The gender difference and the strong correlation between the studied variables agree with the results of several national and international studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]