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This paper aims to analyze the elaboration of grammars for the Portuguese and Spanish languages, describing textual and extratextual aspects that characterize this process in the respective linguistic traditions and comparing them in order to find points of convergence and divergence. For that purpose, by consulting the physical and electronic collections of different research centers, it was possible to build a bibliographic corpus which allowed the fulfillment of the study's objective based on the analysis of 172 Portuguese and 138 Spanish grammars distributed since the 15th century. As a result, it was possible to observe that both codification traditions bring historical compatibilities which resulted in a process of linguistic normalization in which many features converge, while others diverge. They converge, for instance, in the intensification of this process from the 19th century onwards, marking a movement of constant growth. They diverge, on the other hand, in the number of countries engaged in the process and in the relation of school grammar to the descriptive model, for instance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A formal perspective is the focus of this paper, which aims to discuss and represent the perception of nasalization of vowel /a/ in certain nasal contexts, a phenomenon of allophony in Spanish, which can be either phonological or allophonic in Portuguese. Empirical support is based on data from 9 native speakers from Montevideo, Uruguay, and 15 Brazilian learners of Spanish as a second language. Perception data, taken from studies carried out by Brisolara and Matzenauer (2018a, 2018b), were obtained by an Identification Test, which was run by the TP software program (RAUBER et al., 2012). The fact that the Uruguayan have lower accuracy than the Brazilian to identify nasalized vowels is attributed to the strict allophonic nature of the phenomenon in Spanish. It was captured and formalized by the Bidirectional Processing and Grammar Model -- BiPhon (BOERSMA, 2006, 2007; BOERSMA; HAMANN, 2009), which integrates the Stochastic Optimality Theory. Since perception, according to BiPhon, has the role of mapping continuous phonetic representation to a discrete phonological surface structure, the phenomenon related to the perception of nasalization of the vowel /a/ in Spanish was formalized in a way that represented, through the interaction between Cue Constraints and Structural Constraints, the difference between grammars of Brazilian Spanish learners and of Uruguayans: the weight of the *VORALN and *Vnasal Structural Constraints was decisive in specifying both grammars, and the proximity of the central values of the Structural and Cue Constraints represented the presence of variation in the perception data of the Uruguayan and the Brazilian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]