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This paper offers a Functional Discourse Grammar (Hengeveld; Mackenzie, 2008) account of concessive constructions articulated by two specific complex conjunctions: ainda que and mesmo que. Based on contemporary Portuguese data from Corpus do Português corpora (Davies; Ferreira, 2006), the analysis proposes an association between concessivity and scalarity underlying the use of concessive constructions with ainda que and mesmo que (König, 1985a, 1985b). This association is evidence of an in-between position of these conjunctions in the lexical-grammatical continuum. These results demand, for a FDG representation, two directions: (i) a multilayered representation that aligns properties from formulation levels (Interpersonal and Representational), arriving to impacts on Morphosyntactic encoding, and (ii) the distinction of a new morphosyntactic primitive, the semi-fixed conjunctional template (Keizer, 2013). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work has as its main objective to examine, from the perspective of Functional Discourse Grammar (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008), which are the pragmatic, semantic and morphosyntactic motivations underlying the ordering of the constituents of the discontinuous Np in different synchronies of Brazilian Portuguese, in order to verify whether the synchronic characterization of the phenomenon has a diachronic basis and whether there are differences in the productivity of the phenomenon in speech and writing. The empirical analysis of the phenomenon is based on samples from different historical sources: (i) letters from the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries from the Projeto Para a História do Português Brasileiro (PHPB) and from the Corpus Histórico do Português Tycho Brahe; (ii) readers' letters from the 21st century from the newspapers Folha de São Paulo and Diário do Norte; and (iii) spoken language records from the 20th century, extracted from the minimum corpus of the NURC/Brazil, and from the 21st century, taken from the Iboruna database (Amostra Censo). The methodology includes analysis parameters of interpersonal (rhetorical and pragmatic functions of the Np constituents), representational (type of semantic entity designated by the head noun and the semantic relationship between the head and the displaced constituent) and morphosyntactic nature (morphosyntactic configuration of the Np constituents and structural weight of the displaced constituent). Based on the analyses, the conclusion is that the discontinuity in the structuring of the Np has a stable behavior over time and it is motivated by factors of a more pragmatic order rather than morphosyntactic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo: Neste trabalho, objetivamos descrever e analisar as expressões modalizadoras deônticas constitutivas de discursos do presidente Donald Trump, sob um enfoque funcionalista, conforme os postulados de Hengeveld (2004) e Hengeveld e Mackenzie (2008). Para compreensão da categoria modalidade, trabalharemos com a Gramática Discursivo-Funcional (GDF), que busca integrar os aspectos sintáticos, semânticos e pragmáticos. Partindo da compreensão de que as expressões modalizadoras deônticas estão a serviço da argumentação, tomaremos também o conceito de ethos da Análise do Discurso (AD) para compreensão do ethos do presidente Trump, construído discursivamente. Nosso corpus é constituído por quatro discursos, traduzidos para a língua espanhola, proferidos pelo presidente Donald Trump após sua posse e divulgados nas mídias sociais digitais. Empreendemos leitura dos discursos, conforme os seguintes aspectos: (i) contextuais: qual o tema do discurso e o tipo de público para o qual o presidente se dirige; (ii) semânticos: qual o valor semântico instaurado e a fonte da avaliação modal; e (iii) discursivos: que tipo de ethos é projetado pelo falante. Observamos que os discursos direcionados a um público amplo, portanto mais heterogêneo, favorecem a construção de valores deônticos atenuados, corroborando à construção de um ethos presidenciável não-autoritário. Por sua vez, os discursos destinados ao povo norte-americano, cuja temática é a plataforma de governo de Trump, favorecem a construção de valores deônticos asseverados, construindo, assim, uma imagem autoritária. Constatamos que o valor semântico de obrigação e a fonte deôntica do tipo enunciador foram as mais frequentes. Palavras-chave: modalidade deôntica; Gramática Discursivo-Funcional; construção discursiva; ethos em discursos de Donald Trump. Abstract: In this paper, we aim to describe and analyze the deontic modals expressions constituting President Donald Trump’s speeches, under a functionalist approach, according to the postulates of Hengeveld (2004) and Hengeveld and Mackenzie (2008). To understand the modality category, we will work with the Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG), which seeks to integrate the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects. Starting from the understanding that deontic modals expressions are at the service of argumentation, we will also take the concept of Discourse Analysis (AD) ethos to understand President Trump’s ethos, constructed discursively. Our corpus consists of four speeches, translated into Spanish, delivered by President Donald Trump after taking office, and disseminated on digital social media. We undertake reading of the speeches, according to the following aspects: (i) contextual: what is the theme of the speech and the type of audience to which the president is addressed; (ii) semantics: what is the installed semantic value and the source of the modal assessment; and (iii) discursive: what kind of ethos is projected by the speaker. We observed that the speeches aimed at a wide public, therefore more heterogeneous, favor the construction of attenuated deontic values, corroborating the construction of a non-authoritarian presidential ethos. In turn, speeches aimed at the American people, whose theme is the Trump administration platform, favor the construction of asserted deontic values, thus building an authoritarian image. We found that the semantic value of obligation and the deontic source of the enunciator type was the most frequent. Keywords: deontic modality; Functional Discourse Grammar; discursive construction; ethos in Donald Trump speeches.

This paper intends to present an analysis of two uses of adversative conjunction pero found in a Spanish written corpus in digital media. The theoretical-methodological apparatus used is the Functional Discourse Grammar - FDG (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008). According to RAE (2009), pero is coordinative conjunction in which presents two opposing clauses. From the point of view of FDG, however, these two units configure Discourse Acts in an unequal relationship, which engender Concession rhetorical function. The speaker presents an Act to grant information in order to then present another Act that he considers arguably more relevant. Some of the uses found in this study are beyond that interpretation. The research universe consists of data collected from blogs and extracted from CORPES (Corpus del Español del Siglo XXI), from the Real Academia Española. It was verified that, besides being used between two Discourse Acts, it can also introduce Moves and also emphasize a Subact previously presented, being a valuable element for the speaker's argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we aim to describe and analyze the deontic modals expressions constituting President Donald Trump's speeches, under a functionalist approach, according to the postulates of Hengeveld (2004) and Hengeveld and Mackenzie (2008). To understand the modality category, we will work with the Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG), which seeks to integrate the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects. Starting from the understanding that deontic modals expressions are at the service of argumentation, we will also take the concept of Discourse Analysis (AD) ethos to understand President Trump's ethos, constructed discursively. Our corpus consists of four speeches, translated into Spanish, delivered by President Donald Trump after taking office, and disseminated on digital social media. We undertake reading of the speeches, according to the following aspects: (i) contextual: what is the theme of the speech and the type of audience to which the president is addressed; (ii) semantics: what is the installed semantic value and the source of the modal assessment; and (iii) discursive: what kind of ethos is projected by the speaker. We observed that the speeches aimed at a wide public, therefore more heterogeneous, favor the construction of attenuated deontic values, corroborating the construction of a non-authoritarian presidential ethos. In turn, speeches aimed at the American people, whose theme is the Trump administration platform, favor the construction of asserted deontic values, thus building an authoritarian image. We found that the semantic value of obligation and the deontic source of the enunciator type was the most frequent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking as theoretical support the proposal of Pezatti (2014), which, in turn, is based on the principles of Functional Discourse Grammar, developed by Hengeveld and Mackenzie (2008), this paper aims at analyzing the ordering of interpersonal markers (grammatical and lexical) within the phrase. To this end, the corpus of the Project for the History of the Brazilian Portuguese (https://sites.google.com/site/corporaphpb) is taken as database, but more specifically private handwritten letters, reader's letters and editor's letters from the 19th and 20th centuries. The analyzed data reveal that, within the phrase, Operators of Mitigation, Contrast (restrictive and expansive), Exemplification and Emphasis are placed in PI; the Operator of Emphasis é que is always placed in PF and the one of Contrast apenas is usually inserted into the PI position, except in the 20th century. The lexical markers of Exemplification, Emphasis, Attitudes and Contrast (restrictive and selective) are placed into PI in most cases, with the exception the Modifiers of Exemplification for example, that is placed into PI or PF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work investigates grammaticalization referrals in the modal uses of the verb dar, in contemporary Brazilian Portuguese. The research uses up two corpora of spoken language, the C-ORAL BRAZIL (http://www.c-oral-brasil.org/) and the minimum corpus of NURC (Norma Urbana Culta). The Functional Discourse Grammar, GDF (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008), theoretical and methodological support, includes four grammatical levels (Interpersonal, Representational, Morphosyntatic and Phonological), arranged in descending order. Each of the levels has hierarchically structured layers, which enable the expansion of scopes in modal uses of dar toward the discursive level of the language. The analysis suggests a grammatical change process, stemming from the full forms of the verb, develop quasi-auxiliary forms and hence loose constructions of speech. This development hypothesis is compatible with proposed grammatical paths of formal and semantic change in GDF model (HENGEVELD, in press) and also with other studies on developments in the modal field (BYBEE et al, 1994; TRAUGOTT; DASHER 2002), defined as grammaticalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to investigate the expression of concession rhetorical relation as expressed by means of concessive hypotactic adverbial clauses in formal speeches (university lectures) and oral interviews. The research is theoretically based on RST (Rhetorical Structure Theory), a theory that assumes that besides the explicit content conveyed by clauses, rhetorical relations arise from the combination of parts of texts. Parameters from Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) were used in order to characterize the hypotactic concessive constructions used by the speakers to express concession rhetorical relation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses differences in the representation of a science popularization text based on an analysis of two retextualizations of A brief history of time into Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and European Portuguese (EP). Drawing on Systemic Functional Grammar (HALLIDAY, 1994; HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004), particularly on categories pertaining to the textual and interpersonal metafunctions of language, two chapters of each translated text were analyzed with a view to mapping Theme and Subject and comparing the implications of choices in each retextualization for constructions of particular representations. Results point to minor differences as regards Theme choice, though substantial differences concerning Subject were found in the two texts. These differences, together with additions and misreadings, signal divergent views, which become significant for the science popularization genre due to its communicative function in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]