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This paper presents a chronology of the relationship between Tirso de Molina and Lope de Vega. The reasons and factors under which this relationship is still an interpretation based on circumstances is through the chronology of their works and the critical analysis of leading tirsistas. This paper is a review of that relationship through the works, dedications, laudatory of writers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1947, while commemorating Miguel de Cervantes' birth, the Costa-Rican Academy of Language, the Costa-Rican Academy of Geography and History, and the University of Costa Rica invited to pay homage to Miguel de Cervantes, and published, in 1948, the proceedings and transactions of the aforementioned commemoration. In this way, they participated in the Hispanic world celebration of Miguel de Cervantes' anniversary. According to my inquiry, previously there were not, in the Costa-Rican academic medium, learned publications concerning Miguel de Cervantes. This paper will analyze the philosophical features evinced by the 1948 transactions, and the critical variables to ponder under the influence of the Generation of 1898 interpretation of Don Quixote. This paper emphasizes the importance of inserting Don Quixote in the positivistic dynamic of "life and work". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the wide range of strategies employed in Bribri to express the number of nominal referents. These strategies include both the use of quantifiers and the different ways to codify the grammatical category of number, which distinguishes between singular and plural. The paper also analyzes the factors that allow the speaker to leave out the plural marking in certain words with a plural referent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of linguistic elements prototypically associated with physical space to refer to time constitutes a reflection of the conceptual metaphor TIME IS SPACE. The present paper examines and categorizes the different manifestations of this phenomenon in Spanish. The inquiry covers the temporal use of words that prototypically mark the dimensionality of concrete referents, the transfer of deictic elements from the spatial to the temporal domain, the expression of time units as if they formed a sequence of objects and the conceptualization of time as movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a description of the semantics of the Bribri words called “positionals”, which provide additional information about the posture or position of nominal referents. After an outline of the basic morphosyntactic features of these elements, the paper gives numerous examples of their most prototypical uses and the several semantic extensions they present, and explains the cognitive processes involved in each case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roberto Bolaño's narrative provides different constants that can be proposed as general resources. This paper analyzes three books of short stories (Llamadas telefónicas, 1997, Putas asesinas, 2001, and El gaucho insufrible (2008), in order to establish the connection points between them (the sex, the violence, the humour and the parody). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the epilogues of a corpus of 30 presidential speeches are analyzed in relation to their topics and particular aspects of style. The speeches correspond to the last given to the Congress by each Administration during the period 1902-2008. This article is part of a series of papers (Jara Murillo 2006, 2008, in press) resulting from the research project "Análisis del Discurso Político en Costa Rica: Evolución y Perspectiva" (Instituto de Investigaciones Lingüísticas, 2004-2009). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies two mythological exempla from the saga of Odysseus in Aristophanes' Plutus, which appear in the speech made by the slave Carion. Therefore, the first part of this study considers the speech's disposition according to the Classical Rhetoric. Next, analyzes the exempla from its narrative content within the argument made by Carion and the refutation of the choir, considering the carnavalesque inversion. Finally, we briefly describe the function of these exempla in the comedy, considering the obscene expressions (scatological and sexual), mythical parody and mythological distortion, to thereby demonstrate the functionality of these within the play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the second half of the nineteenth century, conglomerates were formed around Buenos Aires town, whose residents were immigrants or locals with limited resources. This new social group created a kind of subculture, present in many tango lyrics and in the language, where the phenomenon called lunfardo appeared. This paper attempt to demonstrate that the lunfardo is not restrictively a way of speaking belonging to criminals and that it is really in force today, in everyday speech of Argentines of all social levels. First, it will be made a short reference to the current state of studies about lunfardo; secondly, it will be defined; thirdly, the presence of Italianisms in it will be observed; fourthly, its influence on literature will be briefly developed. Then, a short comment about its traces on the tango will be done; below, the presence of lunfardo in everyday speech will be founded on the basis of a corpus of expressions used currently. Finally, a conclusion will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching Spanish in China has grown very rapidly in the last years both in the number of students as in the institution of higher education that offer these studies. This paper presents an overview of Spanish Teaching in official universities centres in China through an analysis of the EEE4 Test (Spanish Majors Examination level-4), corresponding to the intermediate language level, and its comparison with the DELE B2 level (Diploma of Spanish as a Foreign Language). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explains what Vulgar Latin is and shows some contributions of the Vulgar Latin to the known Classical Latin [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper classifies in some categories latin expressions appeared in some newspaper in Costa Rica from April 2004 to October 2004. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to set out, as an outline, the ideas that constitute the basic conceptual support of the Costa Rican linguist Víctor Ml. Sánchez Corrales' thought for describing and analysing historical, cultural and intellectual factors that have given and give specificity to the lexicon and lexicography of Costa Rican Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the process followed in order to create a Spanish treebank in the framework of the research project No. 745-B1-244 Interfaz para el procesamiento de corpus lingüísticos digitales -- IPROCOLDI (Interface for the processing of digital language corpora). The data for the treebank was extracted from the Corpus de Mensajes Presidenciales Costarricenses (CODIMEPCR). The interface and the treebank are located at http://163.178.116.145/iprocoldi/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the use of the so-called ergative orientation in traditional narrative discourse in Maleku, both quantitatively and qualitatively, within the functionalist framework. The analyses indicate that this construction can be explained as a device principally used to avoid the possible ambiguity regarding the grammatical case of the nominal phrases that codify the ergative participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ṛg Veda is the oldest literary work in India. It consists of a collection of 1028 religious hymns, ordered in 10 books, whose composition dates back to approximately 1500 B.C., with the arrival of the Indo-Europeans to the subcontinent. The Puruṣa hymn (R.V. X, 90) is a cosmogonic text: it explains the origin of the world from the sacrifice of a primordial human being; and also a cosmological text: it supports the divine, natural and social order. In this paper, an interpretation of this literary image of the body is proposed as a determining factor for the caste systems adopted by Hindu society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classic rhetoric offers different principles for epideictic and deliberative discourse. This paper applies them to understand the role of female body in some misogynistic poems of Medieval Age from an argumentative point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes, within the functionalist framework, the different strategies used to express anaphoric references in Maleku. The analyses are carried out both quantitatively and qualitatively, and show the relation between the referent's identifiability and the strategy used by the speaker, as well as the functions of the pronouns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I analyse three diaries which belong to my book of personal diaries, La escritura invisible. Testimonios sobre el diario íntimo (Sendoa 2000), which I collected from 2000 to 2006. These diaries were written by Spanish girls from 1970s to 1990s. Although it would not be exact to generalize, nor jump into into general conclusions since we are dealing with a very wide subject, such as the diaries of adolescents, or their reading or study, we present here some relevant aspects connected with how teenagers keep a diary, what do they write about, and what importance writing a diary has for them in every day life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the basic conditions required for university students to study a subject, using only books written in a foreign language, is that they have an acceptable level of reading. Nevertheless, we have tried to prove that having such a level is not enough and that students need an extra tool: a glossary of the specific terms used in the study area. This paper begins by giving a brief outline of the research carried out into how foreign language students reach an acceptable level of Reading. Then we present a case study made with students of Physical Oceanography at the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Spain), in which we try to prove the advantages of using a glossary of specific terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the connection among language, standard and mass media to better understand how mass media fosters prestigious and standardized linguistics. At the Hispanic level, the development of regulatory policies among social communicators has been quite successful to maintain a common standard throughout the vast Spanish-speaking geography. The main principles, presented as guidelines, are examined in detail. The most important research undertaken in Costa Rica on linguistic variability in written press and radio is also examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of a second foreign language in Translation Faculties in Spain should give more importance to the socio-cultural dimension of language teaching/learning and especially to the intercultural perspective. This paper offers some reflections on the idea that the socio-cultural competence is as important in teaching a second foreign language as in the mother tongue, since language and culture are undividable realities. Language is the true and ever changing reflection of the history and knowledge of the people that use it and it is precisely where their cultural experience and memories remain crystallised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the functionalist framework, this paper describes the reflexive, reciprocal, se passive, middle, se impersonal, and antipassive constructions in Spanish as a result of a valence adjusting operation. It is proposed that the main aim of this operation is clause detransitivization. Semantically, this detransitivization merges the agent and the patient in the same argument (proper reflexives, reciprocals), downplaying the agent (optional reflexives, inherent reflexives, se passives, se impersonals, middles, antipassives), or downplaying the patient even more (optional reflexives, antipassives). Structurally, the same morphological strategy is used in those clauses: the usage of clitic reflexive pronouns or a particle which is identical to the 3° person clitic reflexive pronoun (se). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the text "Mĩ kã Sibö tskìnë" (When Sibö was born) from the Bribri oral tradition is analyzed in two respects: first, its structure is established by partitioning the text on the basis of topic and action continuity; secondly, the property of texture is analyzed, understanding by texture a set of linguistic mechanisms which makes a text hang cohesively together. The complete original text is included with morphemic translation and Spanish version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a compilation of the common name of the Costa Rican birds. Also are including a name explanation as the origin and uses places. Update list would permit a better communication among ornithologist and common people in conservation works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phraseology is possibly one of the most difficult aereas when learning a forreign language. This concept is the starting point of this paper. This is why dictionaries of idioms have to fulfil certain criteria to be useful when learning a forreign language. This is why it is fundamental, from our point of view, to establish a correct lemmatization, able to give as much information as possible about the limitations of the different combinations according to the nature of the elements acting as subject or complements and the possible combinations and restrictions with the attributive verbs. On the other hand, it is essential to describe clearly the contextual elements in order to make clear the elements that can determine the different meanings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with grammar: its definition, goal, etymology, division, a little history and comparison to linguistics. Since Antiquity, normative grammar has filled a huge importance for culture and education of almost all people. Some latinisms in the field of grammar conclude the work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mainly from an interpretive standpoint corresponding with current discourse studies, this paper describes and analyzes using micro-sociolinguistic movement analysis techniques, two databases of Venezuelan education conference abstracts. The corpus, consisting of 273 abstracts from the two most important research events in this country, spans approximately twelve years (1990-2002). Depuration of abstracts representing both research projects and studies in process was conducted, leaving only those referring to completed research. According to the discourse movement analysis made, the most salient findings are: the most frequent type of abstract is one that shows only the introduction (I) movement. Also, about four out of ten abstracts do not evidence the methodology (M) movement. Additionally, less than half of the abstracts are structured using either three or four of the internationally recommended structures. Despite a slight improvement in abstract structuring along the first part of the time span (1990-1993 and 1994-1998), such improvement is lost in the third moment (1998-2002). As a conclusion, it can be said that these findings may have not only linguistic implications, but also epistemological and practical ones as well. In this sense, application of principles and techniques of discourse analysis in order to improve scientific communication in this regard is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]