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The purpose of this paper was to make a contribution to environmental arrangement of the livestock potential in the municipality of Jimaguayú, Camagüey, Cuba. The indicators, restrictions, categories and conflicts of livestock potential in the region were identified and located on a map. Additionally, the policies, guidelines, regulations, and standards for proper environmental management in each livestock raising area were determined. The study concluded that the potential of livestock raising depends on the environmental use recommended as principal in eight of the seventeen secondary environmental areas that make up the region; one of them was considered for secondary use. In terms of categories, the municipality comprises 126.9 km2 with inexistent livestock potential, including several settlements and water reservoirs; 115.7 km2 showed a poor potential; 316.3 km2 had a mid-potential; and 225.4 km2 was high. The previous contributed to proper environmental arrangement of livestock potential in the municipality of Jimaguayú, Camagüey. In accordance with it, restrictions, indicators, categories and conflicts observed in the sector were determined to make recommendations for development in the secondary environmental areas with some potential. This study was also useful to set up policies, as well as general and specific guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to make a contribution to the environmental arrangement of the livestock potential in the municipality of Jimaguayú, Camagüey, Cuba. The indicators restrictions, categories, and conflicts of the livestock potential in the region were identified and located on a map. Additionally, the policies, guidelines, regulations and standards for proper environmental management in each livestock area were determined. The study concluded that the potential of livestock activity consists in environmentally recommended use in the main eight of the seventeen secondary environmental areas that make up the region. One of them was considered for secondary use. In terms of categories, the municipality comprises 126.9 km2 with inexistent livestock potential, including several settlements and water reservoirs; 115.7 km2 were identified as poor potential; 316.3 km2 had a mid-potential; and 225.4 km2 was high. The previous contributed to the environmental arrangement of the livestock potential in the municipality of Jimaguayú, Camagüey. Accordingly, the restrictions, indicators, categories, and conflicts observed in the sector were determined, to be used as recommendations for development in the secondary environmental areas with some potential, as well as to set up policies, and general and specific guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cupric sulfate has been used as growth promoter in swine productions for a long time instead of the ecological risks involved. The paper had the objective of evaluating the effect of cooper as inductor of antibiotic-resistance in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. The reference strains A-1 (O149: K91: K88ac) and E68-I (O141: K85: K88ab) were cultivated on Mueller-Hinton Agar plates following the gradient concentration technique with ranges increased weekly from 5 till 50 mg/mL of CuSO4. Both bacteria were streaked during three weeks in parallel to controls cultured in pure medium without the inductor. At the end of the experiment the sensibility of bought groups to Gentamicin, Kanamycin, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, Carbenicilin and Nalidix Acid was measured. The variants treated with cooper exhibited halos referred as resistant to the antibiotics evaluated instead all the controls were sensitive. The results demonstrated the capability of cooper to develop bacterial antibiotic-resistance in vitro, another trait to be considered by producers when salts of this metal are used as growth promoters, because together with its ecological damage a lose in the effectiveness of antimicrobials employed in human and veterinary chemotherapy is developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cupric sulfate has been used as growth promoter in swine productions for a long time instead of the ecological risks involved. The aim of this paper was evaluating the in vitro behavior of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli to increasing concentrations of copper. Six strains and two of references were used A-1 (O149: K91: K88ac) and E68-I (O141: K85: K88ab), and four isolated from calves with colibacilosis. This strain were cultivated on Mueller-Hinton Agar plates following the gradient concentration technique with ranges increased weekly from 5 till 50 mg/mL of CuSO4. The experiment lasted three weeks. All strains developed a high metal tolerance, although there was a better fit in the initial contacts in two of the wild strains. Tolerance in A-1 case may be determined by biofilm formation; this phenomenon is an important virulence factor in bacterial infectious processes and it's another trait to be considered by producers when salts of this metal are used as growth promoters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to make a contribution to the environmental arrangement of the livestock potential in the municipality of Jimaguayú, Camagüey, Cuba. The indicators restrictions, categories, and conflicts of the livestock potential in the region were identified and located on a map. Additionally, the policies, guidelines, regulations and standards for proper environmental management in each livestock area were determined. The study concluded that the potential of livestock activity consists in environmentally recommended use in the main eight of the seventeen secondary environmental areas that make up the region. One of them was considered for secondary use. In terms of categories, the municipality comprises 126.9 km2 without livestock potential, including several settlements and water reservoirs; 115.7 km2 were identified as having a poor potential; 316.3 km2 had a mid-potential; and 225.4 km2 was high. The previous contributed to the environmental arrangement of the livestock potential in the municipality of Jimaguayú, Camagüey. Accordingly, the restrictions, indicators, categories, and conflicts observed in the sector were determined, and their use was recommended for development in the secondary environmental areas with some potential, as well as to set up policies and general and specific guidelines.

Cupric sulfate is widely used as growth promoter for swine productions, in spite of its ecological risks. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the in vitro effect of copper as inducer of antibio-resistance in Enterotoxigenic. E. coli. A-1 (O149: K91: K88ac) and E68-I (O141: K85: K88ab) reference strains were grown in Mueller-Hinto agar, according to the concentration gradient technique with weekly increasing values, from 5 to 50 mg/mL of CuSO 4. Both bacteria were cultured for three weeks; the controls were cultured parallely, in the same medium, without the inducer. Then, antibiograms were made to evaluate sensitivity against gentamicin, kanamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, carbenicilin, and nalidixic acid. The results from the strains challenged with salt showed halos compatible to resistant phenotypes, in contrast to the controls (all sensitive). The results evidence the capacity of copper to induce in vitro bacterial antibio-resistance, which must be considered by producers when copper salts are used as growth promoters. In addition to ecological damages, antimicrobials lose effectiveness in human and animal therapeutics.