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ABSTRACT Objective: the objective of this study was to analyze the anatomical and clinical features and long-term oncologic outcomes of 25 patients that underwent surgery due to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas. Material and methods: patients undergoing surgery for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas were identified from a prospective database of pancreatic resections. Demographic data, symptoms, type of surgery and type of lesion (branch type, main duct or mixed) were recorded. The lesions were classified into invasive (high grade dysplasia and carcinoma) and noninvasive (low- or intermediate-grade dysplasia). Postoperative complications were analyzed as well as the pattern of recurrence and disease-free survival at five and ten years. Results: the most common symptoms in the 25 patients (14 males and eleven females) were abdominal pain and weight loss. Eight (32%) cases were diagnosed incidentally. Twelve (48%) of the lesions were of the branch type, three affected the main duct and ten (40%) were mixed. Twelve cephalic duodenopancreatectomies and seven total pancreatectomies were performed; three were central; two, distal; and one, enucleation. Seven cases (32%) had an invasive phenotype. Three patients had locoregional and distant recurrence at six, 16 and 46 months after surgery with a median follow-up of 7.7 years. Disease-free survival at five and ten years for the noninvasive type was 94% and 57% for invasive phenotypes (p < 0.05). Conclusions: intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm is a heterogeneous entity with well differentiated phenotypes, which requires a tailored strategy and treatment, as established in the current consensus guidelines due to its malignant potential.

Liver regeneration (LR) is one of the most amazing tissue injury response. Given its therapeutic significance has been deeply studied in the last decades. LR is an extraordinary complex process, strictly regulated, which accomplishes the characteristics of the most evolutionary biologic systems (robustness) and explains the difficulties of reshaping it with therapeutic goals. TH reproduces the physiological tissue damage response pattern, with a first phase of priming of the hepatocytes -cell-cycle transition G0-G1-, and a second phase of proliferation -cell-cycle S/M phases- which ends with the liver mass recovering. This process has been related with the tissue injury response regulators as: complement system, platelets, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), growth factors (HGF, EGF, VGF) and anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10, TGF-β). Given its complexity and strict regulation, illustrates the unique alternative to liver failure is liver transplantation. The recent induced pluripotential cells (iPS) description and the mesenchymal stem cell (CD133+) plastic capability have aroused new prospects in the cellular therapy field. Those works have assured the cooperation between mesenchymal and epithelial cells. Herein, we review the physiologic mechanisms of liver regeneration.

Backgrounds: the treatment of a perforated giant duodenal ulcer (GUDs) represents a formidable surgical challenge regarding the duodenal wall defect repair in severe peritonitis setting. A high incidence of dehiscence and hospital mortality (15-40%- has been reported with the majority of the techniques). We report a case of GUDs perforation successfully treated with a subtotal gastrectomy and a gastric patch with the remnant antrum, for repairing the duodenal defect. Case report: a 63-years-old man with antecedents of peptic ulcer disease presents a large duodenal ulcer perforation with 48 hrs delay and associated with severe peritonitis and a retroperitoneal collection. A subtotal gastrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction and reconstruction of the duodenal defect with a patch of the remnant antrum was carried out. The patient was discharged at 17th postoperative day with good tolerance. Discussion: the duodenal defect repair with a patch of the remant antrum, represents a valid alternative in similar circumstances. To our knowledge, it appears to be the first clinical description of this technique.Antecedentes: el tratamiento de un ulcus duodenal gigante (UDG; > 2 cm) perforado entraña una gran dificultad técnica, por la reparación del gran defecto duodenal; y por la peritonitis sobreañadida. Todas las técnicas descritas se asocian con un índice elevado de dehiscencias y una mortalidad del 15-40%. Describimos por primera vez el caso de un UDG perforado, tratado mediante una gastrectomía subtotal y con una plastia del antro gástrico remanente. Caso clínico: varón de 63 años que se interviene de un UDG perforado en la 2ª porción duodenal asociado con peritonitis severa y disección de la gotiera parieto-cólica derecha retroperitoneo. Se realiza gastrectomía tipo Bilroth II y reparación del defecto duodenal mediante una plastia con la pared del antro gástrico remanente. El paciente fue dado de alta a los 17 días. Discusión: la reparación del defecto duodenal con una plastia del antro gástrico, puede ser una opción muy valiosa en situaciones similares a la descrita. En nuestro conocimiento, se trata de la primera descripción clínica de esta técnica.

The main goal at a High-Risk Gastrointestinal Cancer Clinic is to identify individuals at increased risk of developing tumors for diagnosis them in presymptomatic stages, when they are potentially curable. We report an asymptomatic patient belonging to a family with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome with a novel pathogenic mutation in the E-cadherin gene. In the absence of any proven diagnostic tool in surveillance tumor of this syndrome, the recommendation accepted today for an asymptomatic individual with known mutation is to perform prophylactic surgery. This patient underwent total laparoscopic gastrectomy. A microscopic focus of tumor was detected in the surgical specimen. Strategies to reduce the tumor risk in the hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome are limited, but it is necessary to recognize them in order to treat these patients accordingly to the available evidence.La Consulta de Alto Riesgo de Tumores Digestivos tiene como objetivo fundamental identificar individuos con mayor riesgo de desarrollar tumores para hacer un diagnóstico presintomático de los mismos detectándolos en estadios en los que son potencialmente curables. Presentamos el caso de una paciente asintomática perteneciente a una familia con síndrome de cáncer gástrico hereditario difuso en la que se detectó una mutación de significado patológico en el gen de la cadherina-E. Al no disponer de ninguna herramienta diagnóstica de eficacia probada en la vigilancia tumoral de este síndrome, la recomendación aceptada hoy en día para un individuo asintomático con mutación conocida es realizar cirugía profiláctica. A esta paciente se le realizó una gastrectomía total por vía laparoscópica, detectándose en la pieza quirúrgica un foco microscópico de tumor. Las estrategias para disminuir el riesgo tumoral en el síndrome de cáncer gástrico hereditario difuso son limitadas, pero es necesario conocerlas para poder tratar a estos pacientes de la manera más adecuada según las evidencias disponibles.

Background: Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas is a rare malformation. Since 1911 and until 2008, 53 cases have been reported. Several authors have recently described the association of this anomaly with neoplasia of the ventral pancreas, thus we performed a systematic review of the literature from 2008 to 2015. Methods: A systematic review of the Medline and ISI Web of Science Databases from 2008 until 2015 was carried out, and 30 articles which met the inclusion criteria were identified that included a total of 53 patients: 7 children and 46 adults. Conclusions: Although dorsal pancreatic agenesis is a rare malformation, given its association with non-alcoholic pancreatitis and neoplasia of the residual pancreas, physicians should maintain an expectant attitude.

Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors with a varied biological behavior. In the present study, we analyzed the experience of 79 pNETs resected between 1993 and 2015. The pathologic prognostic factors (European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society, ENETS; and AJCC) classification, vascular invasion (VI), proliferation index (ki-67) and the presence of necrosis were retrospectively reviewed. Methods: The clinical data of 79 patients with pNETs who underwent surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Mortality rates and Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to evaluate survival over time for pathologic stages, tumor functionality, and vascular invasion. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the hazard ratio regarding ENETS, AJCC staging, sex, tumor functionality and vascular invasion. Results: The male:female ratio was 40:39. Twenty-one patients (26%) had functional tumors and 58 (73.4%) had non-functional tumors, of which 35 (44.3%) were diagnosed incidentally. Seventeen Whipple procedures, 46 distal pancreatectomies (including 26 laparoscopic and 20 open procedures), 8 laparoscopic central pancreatectomies, 1 laparoscopic resection of the uncinated process and 7 enucleations (one laparoscopic) were performed. Vascular invasion and necrosis were observed in 29 of 75 cases (38.6%) and in 16 cases (29%), respectively. The comparison between survivor functions of ENETS staging categories showed statistically significant differences (p = 0.042). Mortality rate was higher in patients with non-functioning tumors compared with hormonally functioning tumors (p = 0.052) and in those with vascular invasion (p = 0.186). Conclusions: In spite of the heterogeneity of pNETs, the ENETS TNM classification efficiently predicts long-term prognosis. The non-functioning tumors and the presence of vascular invasion are associated with poor prognosis.

Adult hepatoblastoma (AHB) is a very rare tumor, having been described 45 cases up to June 2012. In contrast to HB in infancy (IHB), it has poor prognosis. We present the case of a 37-year-old asymptomatic woman who consulted for a large -12 cm diameter- mass involving segments 5 and 6 of the liver, and alfa-fetoprotein of 1,556,30 UI/mL. A bisegmentectomy was carried out. The microscopic study confirmed the AHB diagnosis, revealing the presence of epithelial cells forming clusters, trabecular patterns and tubules. The patient died on the 10th postoperative month due to progression disease. The Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway mutation has been reported and associated with a poor prognosis in IHB. Due to the AHB poor prognosis, seems reasonable to introduce the therapeutic regimens described in children who have a better outcome.