Search

Objetivo: Estimar los años potenciales de vida perdidos y la distribución espacial de la mortalidad por incidente vial según modo de transporte en Medellín 2010-2020, como línea base para la implementación de la estrategia Visión Cero, de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en la movilidad de la ciudad. Metodología: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de corte transversal, con fuente secundaria. El cálculo de los años potenciales de vida perdidos se hizo tomando como edad límite la esperanza de vida al nacer de Colombia, según año y género. El análisis espacial se realizó a partir de la dirección del incidente; la representación de la densidad de Kernel fue por el método de clasificación estándar-cuantil, y las zonas de influencia se crearon por el método búfer de anillos múltiples, con distancias de 500 y 1000 metros. Resultados: Medellín, entre 2010 y 2020, registró 2988 muertes por incidente vial. Quienes más murieron fueron los peatones, con 1423 (47,6 %) muertes, seguidos por los motociclistas, con 1295 (43,3 %). Los años potenciales de vida perdidos fueron 98787. Las comunas de mayor concentración en muerte de peatones fueron: Candelaria, Buenos Aires y Manrique; en motociclistas, la mayor concentración se evidenció en el sistema vial del río. Por zonas de influencia, los peatones fallecidos en un radio de 1000 metros del sistema vial del río fueron 688 (49,8 %), y los motociclistas, 636 (52,2 %). Conclusión: Los motociclistas fueron quienes murieron más jóvenes y más años dejaron de vivir. Politraumatismos son diagnósticos constantes de muerte, pero lesiones en cabeza, cráneo y tórax son más letales en peatones y motociclistas.

Objective: To estimate the potential years of life lost and the spatial distribution of mortality from road incidents by mode of transport in Medellín 2010-2020, as a baseline for the implementation of the Vision Zero strategy of the World Health Organization in the city's mobility. Methodology: This is a retrospective and descriptive cross-sectional study, with a secondary source. The calculation of the potential years of life lost was made using the life expectancy at birth in Colombia as the age limit, according to year and gender. The spatial analysis was carried out from the direction of the incident; Kernel density was represented by the standardquantile classification method, and the zones of influence were created by the multiple ring buffer method, with distances of 500 and 1000 meters. Results: Between 2010 and 2020, Medellín registered 2,988 deaths due to road incidents. Those who died the most were pedestrians, with 1,423 (47.6%) deaths, followed by motorcyclists, with 1,295 (43.3%). Potential years of life lost were 98,787. The zones (comunas) with the highest concentration of pedestrian deaths were: Candelaria, Buenos Aires and Manrique; in motorcyclists, the highest concentration was evidenced in the river road system. By areas of influence, pedestrians killed within a radius of 1,000 meters from the river road system were 688 (49.8%), and motorcyclists, 636 (52.2%). Conclusion: Motorcyclists were the ones who died the youngest and the most years they stopped living. Polytrauma is a constant diagnosis of death, but injuries to the head, skull and thorax are more lethal in pedestrians and motorcyclists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Describir la mortalidad y las principales complicaciones secundarias en los pacientes con trauma ortopédico de alta energía, admitidos en el servicio de urgencias del Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los pacientes, en un período de 18 meses, que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión luego de realizar la búsqueda en la base de datos del Hospital. Se revisaron 10 259 historias clínicas, de las cuales 161 cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Las variables cuantitativas se analizaron mediante medias y desviaciones estándar, y las cualitativas, a través de frecuencias y proporciones. Resultados: La mayoría de pacientes afectados correspondía al sexo masculino (80,7 %), con edad promedio de 37,5 años; el principal hueso afectado fue la tibia (68,3 %). El principal mecanismo de trauma fue accidente de tránsito (82 %), siendo la motocicleta el vehículo involucrado con mayor frecuencia (65,8 %). La mortalidad fue baja, fallecieron tres pacientes. Las principales complicaciones fueron osteomielitis crónica y tromboembolismo pulmonar (7,4 y 6,8 %, respectivamente). Dieciséis pacientes requirieron ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos (9,9 %), con un promedio de estancia de 6,9 días. Conclusiones: El trauma ortopédico de alta energía no es un factor de mortalidad independiente; sin embargo, impacta sobre la salud pública, debido a la discapacidad que esta lesión genera en individuos laboralmente activos, lo que lleva a ausentismo laboral y pérdida de la productividad.morbimortalidad, traumatismo, fracturas óseas, accidentes de tránsito, salud pública.

Objetivo: determinar las desigualdades en la mortalidad por causas específicas relacionadas con características socioeconómicas, en municipios del Huila 2009-2013. Métodos: estudio ecológico que comparó las mortalidades por Infección Respiratoria Aguda, cáncer de estómago, enfermedades hipertensivas y cerebrovasculares, accidentes de tránsito, homicidio, diabetes y mortalidad en niñez, con base en su situación socioeconómica, según las variables socioeconómicas Cobertura en Educación Media, NBI, Ruralidad, Suficiencia Económica, Valor Agregado Municipal y el Índice de Calidad del Agua en los 37 municipios del Huila. Se calcularon tasas ajustadas por edad con el método directo y medición de desigualdades confrontando las variables descritas, usando medidas basadas en rango, regresión y desproporcionalidad, usando el software Epidat 4.0. Resultados: en la mortalidad por cáncer gástrico, por enfermedades hipertensivas y en la mortalidad en niñez se identificó constante desigualdad frente a las variables socioeconómicas evaluadas, en contra de los municipios menos favorecidos. En la mortalidad por infecciones respiratorias agudas y homicidios, se observaron mayores tasas en los municipios con mejores condiciones socioeconómicas. Conclusiones: existe gran variabilidad entre las condiciones socioeconómicas de los municipios y entre las mortalidades por los eventos evaluados, observando aceptable correlación entre las diferentes medidas de desigualdades utilizadas.

Resumen Objetivo: conocer los costos directos (cd) e indirectos (ci) de la atención de pacientes con lesiones por accidentes de tránsito (at) en el mundo. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en PubMed, Embase, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Journal Storage y Scielo de estudios de costos de atención de víctimas de at mayores de 16 años, entre 2008 y 2013. La calidad de los estudios se evaluó con criterios extraídos de Drummond y col, y del “Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards statement (CHEERS)” y otros definidos por los autores. Se evaluaron los cd, los CI. La carga de la enfermedad (ce), se hizo con los Años de Vida Ajustados por Discapacidad (avad), y Años de Vida ajustados por Calidad (avac). Se analizaron los costos generados por discapacidad/rehabilitación y Trauma craneoencefálico (tec). Los costos monetarios en dólares americanos (usd) de 2010 ajustados por inflación. Resultados: se analizaron 14 estudios, seis de buena calidad. Se encontraron estudios con 567.000 pacientes y 10 años de duración, costos directos de 48.082 e indirectos de 29.706 usd por paciente; los costos indirectos superaron los directos. La carga de la enfermedad mostró amplia variabilidad; en un estudio el 60% de los pacientes con tec grave y 20% moderado quedaron con discapacidad corto plazo y en otro el 4,6% quedó con discapacidad a largo plazo. Conclusiones: existe gran heterogeneidad en los estudios, no hay consenso para evaluar la calidad de estos estudios. Los costos indirectos de accidentes de tránsito superan los directos. Los costos derivados de discapacidad y rehabilitación son poco evaluados. / Abstract Objective: to know the direct (dc) and indirect costs (ic) generated by the treatment of patients with moderate or severe injuries caused by traffic accidents (ta) in the world. Methodology: a systematic review of studies assessing the costs of treating victims of traffic accidents older than 16 between 2008 and 2013 was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Journal Storage and Scielo databases. The quality of the studies was assessed using criteria from Drummond and col, as well as the "Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards statement (cheers)" and other mechanisms defined by the authors. DCs and ICs were assessed. The burden of disease (bd) was obtained with the disability-adjusted life year (daly), and the quality-adjusted life-year (qaly). The costs generated by disability / rehabilitation and traumatic brain injury (tbi) were analyzed. The monetary costs were expressed in 2010 us dollars (usd) adjusted for inflation. Results: 14 studies were analyzed, 6 of which had a good quality. We found studies with up to 567.000 patients and a duration of 10 years. Direct costs were up to usd 48.082 and indirect costs up to usd 29.706 per patient; the direct costs were exceeded by the indirect costs. The burden of disease showed high variability. In one study, 60% of the patients with severe tbi and 20% with moderate tbi had short term disability; in another study 4.6% of the patients sustained long-term disability. Conclusions: there is great heterogeneity in the cost studies. There is no consensus for assessing the quality of these studies. The indirect costs incurred in traffic accidents are greater than direct costs. The costs of disability and rehabilitation are poorly assessed.

Objective: To describe the mortality and main secondary complications in patients with high energy orthopedic trauma admitted to the emergency department of San Vicente Fundación University Hospital. Methodology: This is a descriptive, retrospective study of patients in an eighteen month period, that met the inclusion criteria, after searching the database of San Vicente Fundación University Hospital. Quantitative variables were analized using medians and standard deviations and qualitative variables using frequencies and proportions. Results: 10259 medical records were revised, 161 met the inclusion criteria. Most of the affected patients were men (80,7%), with and average age of 37,5 years, the tibia (68,3%) was the main injured bone. The main mechanism of trauma was traffic accident (82%), with motorcycle as the most frequently involved vehicle (65,8%). Mortality was low, three patients died. The principal complications were chronic ostheomielitis and pulmonary thromboembolism (7,4% and 6,8%, respectively). 16 patients required admision to the Intensive Care Unit (9,9%), with and average stay of 6,9 days. Conclusions: High energy orthopedic trauma is not an independent factor of mortality, however, it has an impact on public health due to the generation of disabilities in individuals productive in terms of work, with the result of absenteeism and loss of productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The conditions in which people are born, live, work and age are related to the health situation in populations. The quantification of the differences in these conditions confronted with health variables is called measurement of inequalities. Objective: To determine the inequalities in mortality due to specific causes related to socioeconomic characteristics in municipalities of Huila 2009-2013. Materials and methods: Ecological study comparing mortalities for respiratory infection Acute, stomach cancer, Hypertensive and cerebrovascular diseases, traffic accidents, Homicide, Diabetes and Childhood mortality based on socioeconomic status according to socioeconomic variables Coverage of secondary education, NBI, Rurality, Economic sufficiency; Municipal value added and IRCA in the 37 municipalities of Huila. It is calculated with the age-adjusted measures using the direct method and the measurement of the inequalities with the variable descriptions, using measures based on rank, regression and disproportionality, using Epidat 4.0 software. Results: In the mortality due to gastric cancer, hypertensive diseases and mortality in childhood was identified constant inequality against the socioeconomic variables evaluated against the less favored municipalities. In the mortality from acute respiratory infections and homicides, higher rates were observed in municipalities with better socioeconomic conditions. Conclusions: There is great variability between the socioeconomic conditions of the municipalities and between the mortalities by the evaluated events, observing an acceptable correlation between the different measures of inequalities used in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to know the direct (dc) and indirect costs (ic) generated by the treatment of patients with moderate or severe injuries caused by traffic accidents (ta) in the world. Methodology: a systematic review of studies assessing the costs of treating victims of traffic accidents older than 16 between 2008 and 2013 was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Journal Storage and Scielo databases. The quality of the studies was assessed using criteria from Drummond and col, as well as the "Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards statement (cheers)" and other mechanisms defined by the authors. DCs and ICs were assessed. The burden of disease (bd) was obtained with the disability-adjusted life year (daly), and the quality-adjusted life-year (qaly). The costs generated by disability / rehabilitation and traumatic brain injury (tbi) were analyzed. The monetary costs were expressed in 2010 us dollars (usd) adjusted for inflation. Results: 14 studies were analyzed, 6 of which had a good quality. We found studies with up to 567.000 patients and a duration of 10 years. Direct costs were up to usd 48.082 and indirect costs up to usd 29.706 per patient; the direct costs were exceeded by the indirect costs. The burden of disease showed high variability. In one study, 60% of the patients with severe tbi and 20% with moderate tbi had short term disability; in another study 4.6% of the patients sustained long-term disability. Conclusions: there is great heterogeneity in the cost studies. There is no consensus for assessing the quality of these studies. The indirect costs incurred in traffic accidents are greater than direct costs. The costs of disability and rehabilitation are poorly assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to estimate the functional dependency as a measure of disability in a group of motorcycle taxi drivers from Cartagena, Colombia. Methods: a retrospective descriptive study in which researchers reviewed 1123 files of motorcycle taxi drivers involved in traffic accidents in Cartagena during 2006. The level of functional dependence regarding performance of some basic activities of daily life was determined for 262 subjects using the Barthel scale. Furthermore, data analysis was carried out using the EpiInfo 3.5.1 database, and variables are presented in absolute and relative frequencies. Results: it was found that 53.4% of subjects had mild functional dependence and 15.6% had moderate dependence. 76% of the participants said they were unemployed. Conclusions: functional dependence as a measure of disability is a highly probable result of traffic accidents among motorcycle taxi drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]