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This article is linked to the intervention research project: "Phenix: the daring of subject individual's renaissance - phase II" and aims to provide reflections for the weekly practice of Psychology students of UEM in their interventions with teenagers of a social center of Maringa's periphery. It consists in a bibliographic research starting with authors that investigate the theme of affective bonds in the current society, mainly in the teenagers' phase. To follow this path we analyze some aspects of the political economic and cultural scenario since Middle Age until Contemporaneity, as well as the psyche constitution regarding the affective relations established by men in contemporaneity, but mainly during adolescence, since this phase provides great change and new identifications. We understand men from Freud's point of view, as beings constituted in the contact with culture, an affective, conflictive and lacking human being. Therefore, he necessarily needs to relate with pals to proceed his survival and individuation. We expect that this critical reflection on reality makes it possible to revise concepts and the perception of changes, in a time when the debate on affections and fraternal bonds mean a way out from the disruptive bonds that ravages us. It is important to highlight that the intention of this study is not reductionist and conclusive, once it considers above all the complexity of the theme, individuals' singularity and their exclusive reaction against the "spectacle" that we are all submitted. In the same way, this article reiterates the importance of empirical researches with teenagers and youths, so that data collection can bring new insights in relation to the theory exposed here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The values that are linked to contemporary education, particularly those prevailing in the upper social classes, appear to have important consequences in the way children experience childhood: time and space for spontaneous playing, so important for a healthy mental development of the future adult subject, seem to be often sacrificed to give place to conditions for a future "adult" achievement, through preparatory studies and activities. The conditions of daily life in contemporary cities, particularly the increased occurrence of violence and the values related to individualism and purchasing, play an important role in determining the way children experience and represent their environment. Some related questions are discussed in this paper: the concept of childhood, the function of playing in child's development, the experience of physical space in urban environment and the attitudes towards the others, based on a field research with children belonging to different social classes, that outlines the influence of the conditions of urban life. Children from the upper classes seem to show a greater difficulty to get conscious of a personal sense of their inner experience, while children from working class show more creativity and playing ability in the way they experience the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]