Search

Traditionally, the awake cerebral neurosurgical interventions are carried out when the primary motor areas and the areas involved in language are concerned. This procedure is also known as mapping (Intraoperative Brain Mapping). The intraoperative neuropsychological protocol supposes the setting of a list of steps and tasks that the patient must perform during the surgery, taking into account the lesion localization (both the cortical and the subcortical structures), the cognitive functions involved and the individual particularities of each patient. As a result of the high validity of certain tests, we propose a common minimal set of tests, which can allow a minimal standardization and replicability.

Penetrating orbitocranial injuries caused by intraorbital foreign body are a rare cause of morbidity being most common among young people. The term intraorbital foreign body refers to a foreign body that occurs within the orbit but outside the ocular globe. We report the case of a 12-year-old male child who sustained a right cranial facial trauma due to accidental fall on a piece of wood, which penetrated intraorbitally. Native cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI -1.5 T) revealed the presence of an intraorbital foreign body, 6 cm long and 1.5 cm wide, near the orbital apex. In our patient, early surgical extraction of the foreign body had a decisive role on his full recovery. In this case, although a large foreign body penetrated the entire length of the orbit, it did not cause damage to any intraorbital structure. Vision and right ocular globe function had an excellent prognosis.