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Both cognitive regression and behaviour disorders had been associated gabaergic antiepiletic medication in patients with rolandic epilepsy, nevertheless the cause-effect relation of this phenomenon had not been evaluating. Objective: To describe the clinical and functional evolution of patients with Benign Childhood Epilepsy of Infancy with centro-temp spikes without antiepileptic medication until presentation of complications. Patients and method: A roup of 45 patients with rolandic epilepsy were assessed with clinical and serial sleep and wake electroencephalograms, Single Photon Emission Tomography and Neuropsychological tests. The patients were followed from the diagnosis up to they presented complications such as: cognitive deficits, electrical status during slow sleep and cluster seizures. Neuropsychological skills were compared with those of a group of children of similar age and sex (control group). P<0.05 value was considered as significant. Results: The study included 45 children, 17 had cluster seizures, 11 showed electrical status during slow wave sleep and 14 had cognitive deficits. All complication were found inpatient without antiepileptic medication. Conclusions: Complicated variants of rolandic epilepsy depend on genetic subtypes with variable phenotypic expression. Gabaergic antiepileptic drugs could be a trigger factor acting in special genetically predisposed patients but they are not the cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]