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Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto del sistema de producción en la producción y composición de la leche, y el consumo de alimento en cabras.. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron tres sistemas de producción del departamento de Antioquia, Colombia; durante dos períodos; se midió el consumo y la digestibilidad de la materia seca in vitro, la producción y composición de la leche de 71 cabras de tipo racial Saanen y Alpina. En el análisis estadístico se tuvieron en cuenta los efectos individuales del sistema de producción, la raza y período y la interacción entre ellos, a través del PROC MIXED, en el paquete estadístico SAS. Resultados. El sistema de producción A1 (semi-estabulación, pastoreo en praderas con sucesión vegetal natural) fue el que presentó mayor producción de leche por día en los dos períodos con un promedio de 1.2 L, al igual que los mayores niveles de grasa, proteína y sólidos no grasos en leche (53, 33 y 84 g/día, respectivamente); con respecto a los sistemas de producción A2 y A3 (estabulación completa ) con 0.6 L /día en promedio, el consumo de materia seca no presentó diferencia significativa pero sí la digestibilidad in vitro (p

Objetivo. Evaluar el desempeño productivo y el rendimiento de la canal en pavos en crecimiento alimentados con dietas elaboradas con harina de plumas (HP). Materiales y métodos. Los tratamientos fueron una dieta control y dos dietas experimentales con harina de plumas tratada con 50 ó 100 g de NaOH/kg. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar. El consumo de alimento y el peso de los animales se registró cada dos semanas. Los datos del desempeño productivo se analizaron con el procedimiento MIXED del programa estadístico SAS. El rendimiento de la canal se analizó con el procedimiento GLM del programa estadístico SAS. Resultados. Los pavos que consumieron la dieta testigo tuvieron mejores ganancias de peso (GP), consumo de alimento (CA), peso de la canal y de sus partes (p

Objetivo. Evaluar nutricionalmente la semilla del almendro de la india (Terminalia catappa) para tres estados de madurez: E1 verde; E2 intermedio y E3 maduro, como una alternativa de suplemento en la alimentación animal. Materiales y métodos. Se determinaron las características fisicoquímicas de la pulpa de los frutos y se les extrajo la semilla a la cual se les realizó el análisis bromatológico mediante los métodos oficiales de análisis químico AOAC. A la grasa extraída de la semilla se le realizó un perfil de composición de ácidos grasos por medio de la técnica de cromatografía gaseosa acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Resultados. Para la semilla se obtuvo en promedio: grasa 54%, proteína 24%, ceniza 4%, fibra 12% y humedad 45%. Los datos se procesaron utilizando un análisis de varianza (ANOVA). Los estados de madurez, presentaron diferencias estadísticas (p£0,05) de composición para la semilla; mientras que para las variables fisicoquímicas de la pulpa, pH, acidez y grados Brix, arrojaron resultados no significativos. El perfil de ácidos grasos del aceite de la semilla para E1, E2 y E3, mostraron similitud en ciertos componentes. Conclusión. Teniendo en cuenta la composición nutricional de la semilla de almendro (Terminalia catappa) y su elevado valor en proteína (24%), grasa (54%), fibra (12%), es posible su aprovechamiento para la industrialización e inclusión en concentrados para la alimentación animal.

Objective. Evaluate the productive performance and carcass yield of growing turkeys fed with diets including feather meal. Materials and methods. The treatments were: a control diet and two diets with feather meal (FM) treated with 50 or 100 g of NaOH/kg (5% inclusion) each. A random block design was used. Feed consumption and weight gain were recorded every two weeks. Productive performance data was analyzed using the MIXED procedure of the SAS statistical program. Carcass yield was analyzed using the GLM procedure of the SAS statistical program. Results. Weight gain (WG), feed consumption (FC), carcass yield and composition were higher in turkeys fed with the control diet, in comparison to those fed with FM diets (p<0.05). However, Turkeys fed diets with 100 g NaOH/kg presented higher WG, FC, carcass yield and thigh weight (p<0.05) than turkeys fed diets with 50 g NaOH/kg. Conclusions. The use of FM reduces the productive performance and carcass yield in turkeys. However, improvement on productivity and carcass yield were observed when FM treatment with NaOH increased from 50 to 100 g/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To evaluate performance and meat quality response to protected fat (PF) addition to diets for dual purpose steers. Materials and methods. Forty five commercial crossed steers (B. taurus x B. indicus) were used. They were allocated into three blocks of 15 animals, according to live-weight into small, medium and large steers. Each block was divided into three groups of 5 animals, and then assigned at random to three treatments: 0, 1.5 and 3% of PF , within a completely randomized block design. Results. There were not differences (p>0.05) on animal performance. Backfat was greater (p<0.05) on animals fed at 0% PF compared to 3% of GP (9.6 vs 8.6 mm). There were not differences (p>0.05) on Longissimus muscle area (LMA) nor on pH. Meat crude protein increased (p<0.05) on animals fed at 3% of PF , but it decreased (p<0.05) with diets at 1.5 and 0% of PF (22.77 vs 21.57, 21.64, respectively). Fatty acid profile was not different (p>0.05) between treatments. Conclusions. Adding PF to diets for dual purpose feedlot steers does not modify animal performance, but it improves some carcass and meat characteristics. It is suggested to do more research, using the same kind of animals, but taking into consideration higher levels of PF to those used in this study, since the response could improve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo. To determine the effects of high temperature, the high humidity and the index on production performance in layer chickens supplemented with vitamins C and E. Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out from July 14th to August 15th. A total of 720 L33 layer chickens, 39 weeks old, were divided at random into four groups (180 birds/group), by replicates (n=4): Control Group) was fed with a basal diet and treatment groups were fed with the basal diet supplemented with either 150 mg of l-ascorbic acid/g of diet (Group Vit. C) or 150 mg of dl-a-tocopherol acetate /kg, of diet (Group Vit. E), and 150 mg of l-ascorbic acid /kg of diet plus 150 mg of dl-a-tocopherol acetate/kg of diet (Group Vit C + E). Results. Egg/bird were higher (p<0.05) in all treatment groups when compared to control group, but p value was highly signiicant in vitamin E treated group. Likewise, the laying index was different (p<0.05) in all treatment groups when compared to control, and P value was highly signiicant in vitamin E treated group. Although, viability was not affected by vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamin C+E groups when compared to control (p>0.05). However , feed consumption and conversion were different (p<0.05) in treatment groups when compared to control group. Conclusions. Dietary supplementation with 150 mg vitamin C and/or 150 mg vitamin E increased production performance in heat stressed layer chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. to evaluate the nutritional uses of Indian almond seed Terminalia catappa for three states of ripeness (green E1, intermediate E2 and E3 ripe) as a supplement alternative in animal feeding. Materials and methods. Physiochemical characteristics of fruit pulp were measured and the seed was extracted and subjected to compositional analysis according to the Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC, 1980). A fatty acid profile was performed on the extracted fat using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Results. The Seeds contained: fat 54%, protein 24%, ash 4%, fiber 12% and moisture 45%. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The state of ripeness presented statistical differences (p<0,05) in composition of the seed. While for the physiochemical variables of pulp, pH, acidity and Brix grades, results were not significant. The fatty acid profile of seed oil for E1, E2 and E3 showed similarity in certain components. Conclusions. Due to their nutritional composition and their high values for protein (24%), fat (54%) and fiber (12%), the Indian almond (Terminalia catappa) and their high value in protein (24%), fat (54%), fiber (12%), it is possible their usemay be used for industrialization and the creation of concentrate for animal feeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]